AN ANALYSIS OF EFFECTS RACE DISCRIMINATIONS IN AMERICA REFLECTED ON HARPER LEE S NOVEL TO KILL A MOCKING BIRD A THESIS BY: SELVIANA TINDAON Reg. No.080721030 Approved by : Supervisor Co-Supervisor Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M.Hum. Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M.Hum NIP. 131570487 NIP. Submitted to Faculty of Letters University of North Sumatra in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Literature. UNIVERSITY OF NORTH SUMATRA FACULTY OF LETTERS ENGLISH DEPARTEMENT MEDAN 2009
Approved by the English Department of Faculty of Letters University of North Sumatra (USU) Medan as thesis for the Sarjana Sastra Examination. Head, Secretary, Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M. Hum Drs. Yulianus Harefa, Med TESOL Nip.131570487 NIP. 131570483
Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirement for the degree of Sarjana Sastra from the English Department, Faculty of Letters, University of North Sumatra, Medan. The examination is held at the Faculty of Letters, University of North Sumatra on Desember 2009, The Dean of Faculty of Letters University of North Sumatra Drs. Syaifuddin, M.A, Ph.D NIP. 132098531 Board of Examiners Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M. Hum. Drs. Yulianus Harefa, M. Ed TESOL Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M. Hum Drs. Siamir Marulafau M. Hum.....
AUTHOR S DECLARATION I, SELVIANA TINDAON declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. Except where reference is made in the text of this thesis, this thesis contains no material published else where or extracted in whole or in part from a thesis by which I have qualified for or awarded another degree. No other person s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the main text of this thesis. This thesis has not been submitted for the award of another degree in any tertiary education. Signed : Date : 23 Desember 2009
COPYRIGHT DECLARATION Name : SELVIANA TINDAON Title of Thesis : AN ANALYSIS OF EFFECTS RACE DISCRIMINATIONS IN AMERICA REFLECTED ON HARPER LEE S NOVEL TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD Qualification Department : S-1/ Sarjana Sastra : English I am willing that my thesis should be available for reproduction at the discretion of the Librarian of University of Sumatera Utara, Faculty of Letters, English Department on the understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia. Signed : Date : Desember 2009
ABSTRACT Skripsi ini berjudul An Analysis of Effect Race Discriminations In America Reflected on Harper Lee s novel To Kill a Mockingbird, yaitu suatu analisis mengenai pengaruh perbedaan ras di Amerika yang dikaji berdasarkn novel To Kill A Mockingbird. Kalimat to kill a mockingbird yang menjadi judul novel ini terucap saat Atticus/ayahnya melarang anakanaknya membunuh mockingbird, suatu jenis burung di Amerika yang senag berkicau, hidup damai, dan tidak membahayakn siapapun. Membunuh mockingbird sama dengan mematikan makhluk hidup yang tidak berdosa. Penulis mengmpulkan dan menyeleksi kutipan kutipan dari buku sesuai dengan fackor-faktor yang menyebabkn diskriminasi ras yang dialami oleh para tokoh didalamnya Permasalahan yang diangkat dalam skripsi ini adalah menganalisis mengenai pengaruh diskriminasi yang terjadi di Amerika antara kulit putih dan kulit hitam. Ditemukan bahwa kulit hitam di Amerka tidak mendapatkan pendidikan resmi, ditempatkan di kelas rendah di masyarakat,tidak boleh bergabung dengan kulit putih, kata-katanya tidak bisa dipercaya,tidak boleh beribadah di gereja orang kulit putih,dan tidak mendapatkn keadilan dimata hukum. Rasa keadian,prasangka sertac ras kemanusiaan yang harus ditegakkan,dan dapat di appresiasikan dalm kehidupn kita sehari-hari.
ACKNOWLEDMENTS First of all, thanks and praise to the Almighty of Allah S.W.T the most Beneficent, the Most Merciful who has blessed me from the time I started writing this thesis until I was able to complete it. Shalawat and Salam are also presented upon to the prophet, Muhammad SAW. First of all, I would like to thank Allah, the Almighty who has blessed me in finishing this thesis and order to fulfill one of the requirements in getting the degree of Sarjana in English Literature, from the Faculty of Letters, University of North Sumatra. On this occasion, I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to: 1. Drs, Syaifuddin, M.A, Ph.D, The Dean of Faculty of Letters, University of North Sumatra. 2. Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M.Hum, The Head of English Department and my supervisor, thankfulness for her friendly cooperation in completing the thesis. 3. Drs. Yulianus Harefa, Med TESOL, Secretary of English Departments for giving all the facilities and opportunities in completing this paper. 4. Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M.Hum, my co-supervisor for their willingness to share their time to correct and supervise this thesis. 5. My sincere gratitude is also due to all the Lectures at English Department for giving me a great help and contribution of knowledge that I can improve my intellectually during my academic years. 6. Thank are also expressed to Mam Rani staff of Extension English Department for helping me in academic and administrative matters.
7. My beloved parents Marzuki Si Tindaon and Nuraini Tampubolon, my brother Pardamean, Zulfikar Tindaon,SP, Mhd,Rivai,my sister Afrida Hanum, ST, Desniar for their love, prayers, kindness, financial support, sacrifice in growing me up, and during my study to accompanish this thesis. 8. Special thanks to My Brother Jeffry Lubis in Rantauprapat, for love, support and spirit. My great thanks also to Mom Rizka Elfira, Dewi Puji Lestari, Popy Amanda, Karina Rizkiyani, Juliana, Novi, kak Yeni, Rahmad and all friends extension 08 for their help, information, kindnesss, encouragements, thanks for the nice friendship. I will remember all of your kindness to me. Finally, I really realize that this thesis is still far from being perfect. Since the Indonesian saying Tak ada gading yang tak retak means that nothing is perfect in this world. Any comments, suggestion, and criticism are warmly welcomed and will be highly appreciated. Medan, Desember 2009 The Writer, SELVIANA TINDAON Reg. No. 080721030
ABSTRACT Skripsi ini berjudul An Analysis of Effect Race Discriminations In America Reflected on Harper Lee s novel To Kill a Mockingbird, yaitu suatu analisis mengenai pengaruh perbedaan ras di Amerika yang dikaji berdasarkn novel To Kill A Mockingbird. Kalimat to kill a mockingbird yang menjadi judul novel ini terucap saat Atticus/ayahnya melarang anakanaknya membunuh mockingbird, suatu jenis burung di Amerika yang senag berkicau, hidup damai, dan tidak membahayakn siapapun. Membunuh mockingbird sama dengan mematikan makhluk hidup yang tidak berdosa. Penulis mengmpulkan dan menyeleksi kutipan kutipan dari buku sesuai dengan fackor-faktor yang menyebabkn diskriminasi ras yang dialami oleh para tokoh didalamnya Permasalahan yang diangkat dalam skripsi ini adalah menganalisis mengenai pengaruh diskriminasi yang terjadi di Amerika antara kulit putih dan kulit hitam. Ditemukan bahwa kulit hitam di Amerka tidak mendapatkan pendidikan resmi, ditempatkan di kelas rendah di masyarakat,tidak boleh bergabung dengan kulit putih, kata-katanya tidak bisa dipercaya,tidak boleh beribadah di gereja orang kulit putih,dan tidak mendapatkn keadilan dimata hukum. Rasa keadian,prasangka sertac ras kemanusiaan yang harus ditegakkan,dan dapat di appresiasikan dalm kehidupn kita sehari-hari.
ACKNOWLEDMENTS First of all, thanks and praise to the Almighty of Allah S.W.T the most Beneficent, the Most Merciful who has blessed me from the time I started writing this thesis until I was able to complete it. Shalawat and Salam are also presented upon to the prophet, Muhammad SAW. First of all, I would like to thank Allah, the Almighty who has blessed me in finishing this thesis and order to fulfill one of the requirements in getting the degree of Sarjana in English Literature, from the Faculty of Letters, University of North Sumatra. On this occasion, I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to: 1. Drs, Syaifuddin, M.A, Ph.D, The Dean of Faculty of Letters, University of North Sumatra. 2. Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M.Hum, The Head of English Department and my supervisor, thankfulness for her friendly cooperation in completing the thesis. 3. Drs. Yulianus Harefa, Med TESOL, Secretary of English Departments for giving all the facilities and opportunities in completing this paper. 4. Drs. Parlindungan Purba, M.Hum, my co-supervisor for their willingness to share their time to correct and supervise this thesis. 5. My sincere gratitude is also due to all the Lectures at English Department for giving me a great help and contribution of knowledge that I can improve my intellectually during my academic years. 6. Thank are also expressed to Mam Rani staff of Extension English Department for helping me in academic and administrative matters.
7. My beloved parents Marzuki Si Tindaon and Nuraini Tampubolon, my brother Pardamean, Zulfikar Tindaon,SP, Mhd,Rivai,my sister Afrida Hanum, ST, Desniar for their love, prayers, kindness, financial support, sacrifice in growing me up, and during my study to accompanish this thesis. 8. Special thanks to My Brother Jeffry Lubis in Rantauprapat, for love, support and spirit. My great thanks also to Mom Rizka Elfira, Dewi Puji Lestari, Popy Amanda, Karina Rizkiyani, Juliana, Novi, kak Yeni, Rahmad and all friends extension 08 for their help, information, kindnesss, encouragements, thanks for the nice friendship. I will remember all of your kindness to me. Finally, I really realize that this thesis is still far from being perfect. Since the Indonesian saying Tak ada gading yang tak retak means that nothing is perfect in this world. Any comments, suggestion, and criticism are warmly welcomed and will be highly appreciated. Medan, Desember 2009 The Writer, SELVIANA TINDAON Reg. No. 080721030
TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS AUTHOR S DECLARATION COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ABSTRACTS. i TABLE OF CONTENTS.. iv CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION. 1 1.1. The Background of the Analysis.. 1 1.2. The Problem of the Analysis 5 1.3. The Objective of the Analysis. 5 1.4. The Scope of the Analysis.. 6 1.5. The Significance of the Analysis 6 1.6. The Review of Related Literature 6 CHAPTER II THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK.. 8 2.1. Race Discrimination. 8 2.1.1 Race. 8 2.1.2 Discrimination.. 9 2.2 Intrinsic Approach.. 13 CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY. 16 3.1 The Method. 16 3.2 The Technique for Collecting the Data 17 3.3 The Technique for Analyzing the Data 18 CHAPTER IV AN ANALYSIS OF EFFECTS RACE DISCRIMINATION IN AMERICA REFLECTED ON HARPER LEE S NOVEL TO KILL AMOCKING BIRD 19 4.1. Black Americans cannot Get Formal Education 19 4.2. Black Americans are Put into the Lowest Level In the Society 21 4.3. Black Americans Cannot Join With White American... 25 4.4. Black Americans Words Cannot be Trusted 28
4.5. Black Americans are Not Allowed to Go to White s Americans Church 30 4.6. Black Americans Do not have Rights in the Law 32 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION.. 39 5.1 Conclusion 39 5.2 Suggestion 40 BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDICES THE BIOGRAPHY OF HARPER LEE S, HIS WORKS AND SUMMARY OF THE NOVEL 1. Harper Lee s Biography 2. Summary of Novel To Kill A Mockingbird