DESAIN DAN PABRIKASI PENGERING ADSORPSI BERBASIS ZEOLIT UNTUK PRODUKSI TEH HIJAU KAYA POLIFENOL DESIGN AND FABRICATION ADSORPTION DRYER BASED ZEOLITE FOR PRODUCTION OF GREEN TEA RICH IN POLYPHENOLS Priyono Kusumo 1), Vita Paramita 2), Andi Nur Alam Syah 3) 1) Lembaga Penelitian Universitas Tujuh Belas Agustus 2) Universitas Diponegoro 3) Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian ABSTRAK Proses pengeringan dalam produksi teh merupakan hal yang penting karena akan menentukan tingkat mutu teh. Produksi teh hijau tinggi katekin (polifenol) menjadi menguntungkan di Indonesia karena efek sehat setelah mengkonsumsinya. Sayangnya, banyak kendala, seperti rendahnya kualitas kandungan katekin karena aktivitas enzim oksidase polifenol, degradasi termal atau epimerization selama pengeringan dan kadar air yang tinggi pada teh hijau kering. Penelitian ini mempelajari kinerja alat pengering untuk pengurangan kadar air dan aktivitas enzimatik, serta degradasi ternal, dan epimerization katekin untuk mendapatkan produksi teh hijau tinggi katekin. Secara lebih detail, juga dipelajari pengaruh suhu pengeringan dan waktu, laju aliran udara panas, kelembaban dan kapasitas daun teh. Penelitian ini menggunakan zeolite untuk adsorpsi air
yang berada dalam daun teh dengan menggunakan udara panas selama pengeringan. Sementara, proses pengeringan akan menggunakan konsep fluideized bed untuk mendapatkan koefisien perpindahan panas tinggi dalam waktu yang efektif dan optimal. Penelitian ini akan fokus pada phenomena perpindahan air dalam daun teh ke dalama fase udara dan fase zeolite yang substansial terhadap penurunan kadar air untuk produksi teh hijau tinggi katekin. Penelitian dilakukan dalam beberapa tahap, untuk mempelajari cara produksi teh hijau kaya katekin. Skala laboratorium mixed-adsorption dibuat kapasitas 10 kg/hari. Studi produktivitas teh hijau akan menentukan pengaruh suhu pengeringan dan waktu, laju aliran udara panas, kelembaban, dan kapasitas daun teh. Variabel dalam penelitian ini termasuk suhu pengeringan, perbandingan berat daun teh dan zeolit, laju aliran udara panas dan kelembaban sebagai fungsi waktu. Penelitian telah berhasil mengembangkan alat pengering fluidized bed berbasis adsorpsi untuk mendapatkan produk teh hijau dengan kadar katekin relatif tinggi 14,57% dan kadar air relatif rendah 2%. Secara garis besar alat pengering tipe FBD terdiri dari tiga bagian utama, yaitu: bagian pemanas (heater), terdiri dari: heater listrik dan penghisap/penarik udara panas (blower), termokopel, saluran udara panas (ducting), merupakan ruang pengering terdiri dari bagian pemasukan, bagian tengah, bagian pendinginan dan pengeluaran, dengan bagian-bagian mesin lainnya: lantai berlubang (grid plate/perforated plate), spreader, katup pengatur dan pengarah aliran udara, ruang pengering. Hasil tela ah laju pengeringan daun teh hijau dengan laju alir udara pengering 15, 20, dan 30 liter/menit, dan suhu tetap 60 o C mempunyai pola yang sama yaitu mempunyai
constant drying rate dan falling drying rate periods. Makin tinggi laju alir udara pengering, makin besar harga laju pengeringan konstan, makin pendek periodenya, dan makin besar harga critical moisture content nya.hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa minuman ringan teh hijau hasil penelitian ini disukai konsumen baik dari segi warna maupun rasa. Namun demikian, mengalami perubahan total padatan terlarut, total gula dan warna minuman selama penyimpanan. Kata kunci: Mesin pengering adsorpsi, zeolit, teh hijau, polifenol. ABSTRACT The drying process in the production of tea is important because it will determine the level of quality tea. Production of high green tea catechins (polyphenols) became profitable in Indonesia because of the healthy effects after taking it. Unfortunately, a lot of constraints, such as poor quality of catechin content due to the activity of the enzyme polyphenol oxidase, thermal degradation or epimerization during drying and high water content in dry green tea. This research studies the performance of the dryer to the reduction of water levels and enzymatic activity, as well as the degradation ternal, and epimerization catechin green tea to get high production catechins. In more detail, also studied the effect of drying temperature and time, hot air flow rate, humidity and capacity of tea leaves. This study uses a zeolite for the adsorption of water that is in the tea leaves using hot air for drying. Meanwhile, the drying process will use the concept fluideized bed to get a high heat transfer coefficient in the effective and optimal. This study will focus on the
phenomenon of displacement of water in the tea leaves into the air phase and phase dalama zeolite substantially to the decrease of water content for the production of high green tea catechins. The study was conducted in several stages, to learn how the production of green tea is rich in catechins. Laboratory scale mixed-adsorption capacity made 10 kg/day. Studies of green tea productivity will determine the effect of drying temperature and time, hot air flow rate, humidity, and the capacity of the tea leaves. The variables in this study include the drying temperature, the weight ratio of tea leaves and zeolite, hot air flow rate and humidity as a function of time. Research has succeeded in developing a tool-based fluidized bed adsorption dryer to obtain a green tea product with relatively high levels of catechins, 14.57% and relatively low water content of 2%. Broadly speaking FBD-type dryer consists of three main parts, namely: the heating section (heater), comprising: an electric heater and the vacuum/towing hot air (blower), thermocouple, hot air duct (ducting), the drying chamber consists of income sections, the middle section, cooling section and expenses, with the other engine parts: a perforated floor (grid plate/perforated plate), spreader, regulator valve and directional air flow, the drying chamber. Results tela'ah green tea leaf drying rate with a flow rate of air dryers 15, 20, and 30 liters/minute, and the temperature remained 60 C has the same pattern that has a constant drying rate and falling rate drying periods. The higher the flow rate of air conditioning, the greater the price constant drying rate, the shorter the period, and the greater the price of its critical moisture content. Results of the study showed that green tea soft drink consumers preferred the results of this study
in terms of both color and flavor. However, changes in total dissolved solids, total sugars and color drinks during storage. Keywords: Adsorption dryer machine, zeolite, green tea, polyphenols.