EXPRESSIVE ILLOCUTIONARY ACTS IN JANE AUSTEN S MANSFIELD PARK : A PRAGMATIC ANALYSIS A THESIS BY NOVITRI WAHYUNI REG. NO. 040705015 UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA FACULTY OF LETTERS ENGLISH DEPARTMENT MEDAN 2008
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Bismillahirrahmanirrahim, First of all, I would like to thank Allah SWT for giving me blessing, guidance, power and ability to finish the writing of this thesis. Then I would like to express my gratitude and appreciation to the Dean of Faculty of Letters, Drs. Syaifuddin, MA, Ph..D, the Chairman of English Department, Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M.Hum and the secretary of English Department, Drs. Yulianus Harefa, M.Ed.TESOL and all the lecturers of English Department for all the assistances, valuable knowledge and facilities during my academic years. I also would like to express my sincere gratitude to my Supervisor Dra. Masdiana Lubis, M.Hum and Co. Supervisor Drs. Umar Mono, M.Hum for their generous support, advice, and constructive comments in completing my thesis. Further, I dedicate my sincere gratefulness to my beloved parents (my father Sunardi and my mother Rosmawati ), my beloved brother, Koko, my little cute sister, Dira and my beloved Grandma and also my loving honey, Bidin for giving me great attention, endless support, love, and prays in everyday of my life especially during the term of my study and my graduation from this faculty. My special and warm thanks are also devoted to all of my best friends either in Jambi (Nuri, Leni Desi, Ivi, Isti, Rika, Aji, Gopal, etc) or in Medan, (Qiqie, Lily, and Yow2) for their kindness and encouragement along this time. Thanks a lot guys! Without friends like you all, my days would be so empty. I hope this friendship will never end.
Last but not least, my gratefulness are due to all of my classmates, Sofyan 10 s girls: Kak Yuli, Kak Yola, Kak Fit, Wulan, Dona, Afnot, Kak Ci, Lia, Wila, Rina, Heni, Dian, Santi, Kak Una, Yua, Eka, and Leony who have shared those beautiful moments in the lodging house. May we keep our Silahturrahim always! I m also grateful to the only Baka I have ever known for his care and everything meaningful to me. Thank you very much to all the people I have explained above and to the others that cannot be mentioned one by one. May Allah SWT always bless us all, Amien. Medan, June 2008 The Writer NOVITRI WAHYUNI Reg. No. 040705015
ABSTRAK Skripsi ini berjudul Expressive Illocutionary Acts in Jane Austen s Mansfield Park : A Pragmatic Analysis yang membahas tentang tindak ilokusi ekspresif yang termasuk dalam analisis pragmatik pada ujaranujaran dalam novel tersebut di atas dengan menggunakan teori Yule (1996). Dalam skripsi ini, studi kepustakaan digunakan yakni dengan mengumpulkan bahan literatur seperti buku-buku, jurnal-jurnal linguistik dan skripsi yang berkaitan dengan judul di atas. Bahan-bahan literatur tersebut kemudian dipelajari untuk dapat diterapkan dalam mencari ujaran-ujaran langsung dari novel tersebut. Data analisis diambil dari semua bab dalam novel tersebut dengan menggunakan teori Nawawi (1993). Adapun tujuan dari analisis ini adalah untuk membuktikan bahwa ilokusi ekspresif juga teraplikasi dalam karya sastra, khusus nya novel serta memahami bagaimana pengklasifikasian ke dalam tipe-tipe ilokusi ekspresif. Dari hasil analisis, diperoleh 185 tindak ilokusi ekspresif yang ditemukan dalam novel tersebut dengan pengklasifikasian sebagai berikut : expressives for thank 10 (5,4%), expressives for apologies 21 (11,4%), expressives for congratulation 22 (11,9%), expressives for greetings 11 (5,4%), expressives for wishes 71 (37,8%), expressives for attitudes 52 (28,1%). Sehingga tipe tindak ilokusi ekspresif yang paling dominan adalah expressives for wishes. Sedangkan dalam hal pengaplikasiannya diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut: literal direct (91,9%), non literal direct (2,7%), literal direct+non literal indirect (5,4%). Sementara tiga cara selebih nya tidak teraplikasi.
TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABSTRAK TABLE OF CONTENTS... i..ii.iv CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Analysis 1 1.2 Problem of the Analysis 3 1.3 Objectives of the Analysis 4 1.4 Scope of the Analysis 4 1.5 Significances of the Analysis 4 CHAPTER II : REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2 Theoritical Framework...5 2.1 General Issues in Pragmatics...5 2.1.1 What is Pragmatics?...5 2.1.2 Pragmatics an Semantics...6 2.1.3 Context and Meaning in Pragmatics..8 2.1.4 The Goals of Pragmatic Theory......10 2.2 The Overview of Pragmatics.12 2.2.1 Speech Acts 12 2.2.2 Types of Speech Act.13
a. Locutionary Acts 13 b. Illocutionary Acts 13 c. Perlocutionary Acts.14 2.2.3 The Understanding of Illocutionary Acts...14 a. The Definition of Illocutionary Acts...14 b. The Ways of Performing Illocutionary Acts...16 c. The Function of Illocutionary Acts. 20 2.3 Relevant Studies.27 CHAPTER III : METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Method 28 3.2 Data Collecting Method 28 3.3 Data Analysis Method 29 CHAPTER IV : ANALYSIS OF EXPRESSIVE ILLOCUTIONARY ACTS IN JANE AUSTEN S MANSFIELD PARK 4.1 The Six Types Of Expressive Illocutions in Jane Austen s Mansfield Park.30 4.1.1 Expressives for Thank...30 4.1.2 Expressives for Apologize 31 4.1.3 Expressives for Congratulation 32
4.1.4 Expressives for Greeting..34 4.1.5 Expressives for Wishes..34 4.1.6 Expressives for Attitudes..39 4.2 The Six Possibilities of Performing Expressive Illocution...42 4.2.1 Literal Direct Act..42 4.2.2 Non Literal Direct Act.60 4.2.3 Literal Direct Act + Non Literal Direct Act 61 4.2.4 Literal Direct Act + Literal Indirect Act..61 4.2.5 Non Literal Direct Act + Non Literal Indirect Act.61 4.2.6 Non Literal Direct Act + Literal Indirect Act..61 4.3 The Percentage of the Data Analysis.63 CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1. Conclusions..65 5.2. Suggestions..66 BIBLIOGRAPHY