AN ANALYSIS OF METAPHOR IN THE JAKARTA POST NEWSPAPER A THESIS BY AFRIZAL NISFANDY REG. NO 050705050 ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LETTERS UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2011 1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Alhamdulillah, all praise is to Allah SWT that has given me all the mercy and blessing. Without the blessing and the mercy, I will not finish my thesis. Shalawat and Salam with our prophet Muhammad SAW let peace upon him who has guided us from the darkness to the enlightment in the world as well as in the next world. My highest appreciation greatest gratitude is dedicated to my beloved parents, Effendy Sulaiman and Nizmah, who have supported me with love, care, prayer, adviceand financial during my study. I express my deep thanks to my beloved sister, Fenny Mauliza and to my brothers, Ferry Andiz and Faisal Nisfandy for their support and prayer. I also thanks to all my families who has supported me. I would like to thanks to the Dean of Faculty of Letters, Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A, the Head of English Department, Dr. H. Muhizar Muchtar, M.S, and the Secretary of English Department, Dr. Nurlela, M.Hum. I would like to thanks to my Academic Supervisor, Dra. Roma Ayuni Lubis, MA and all lecturers of the English Department who have given me valuable knowledge during the year of my study. Further, I would like to thanks to my Supervisor, Dr. Hj. Masdiana Lubis, M.Hum, who has given her valuable time to guide me in my thesis and my Co- Supervisor, Dra. Roma Ayuni Lubis, MA, for correcting my thesis. Special thanks to my special friend, Desi Irawan, who has supported me with love, care, and prayer. Having been together with you is one of the nicest thing in my life. I would like to thanks to my bray, Eru Hermanu ( thanks for typing my thesis ), bang Am 2i
( without you I may not finish my study ), qq - Comthink ( thanks for being my information centre ), NSS Lenkers ( thanks for supporting me to finish my study ) Furthermore, I would like to thanks to my friends in stambuk 2005, Rematch Team, Yakub, Dedi, Adly, Aik as the audience, Q tink, qq- Comthink, Wawan, and Manda ( I always remind the memory of rematch ), Aak Ryan, Febri, Yuda, Gusti, Ivan, Anta, Emak awak, mpok racun, Rina, Nina, Ayu, Wiwin, Nida, Desi, Ira, Lili, Pipi, Windi,Sinta, Mala, Feby, Duma, Ratih, Mona, Nurul, DiJe, Fifi, Debora, and the rest of you. Thanks for the years we have been through together. At last, I realize that my thesis is still far from being perfect so all the critics and suggestion hopefully can make the analysis better for the future. May Allah SWT blesses all of us. Medan, Maret 2011 The Writer Afrizal Nisfandy 3ii
ABSTRACT Skripsi ini berjudul An Analysis of Metaphor in The Jakarta Post Newspaper menganalisis jenis dan makna metafora yang terdapat dalam artikel harian The Jakarta Post. Adapun objek yang dianalisis adalah judul dari artikel harian The Jakarta Post dan sampel yang diambil adalah beberapa edisi harian The Jakarta Post mulai dari edisi 4 April 2009 sampai dengan 9 Mei 2009. Cara penentuan sampel didasarkan atas teori pengambilan sampel yang disebut dengan purposive sampling method ( Nawawi, 1991: 157 ). Dalam penulisan skripsi ini, diterapkan teori semantik yang dikemukakan oleh Newell ( 1978: 31 ). Analisis dalam skripsi ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif dan penelitian pustaka. Akhirnya, dari hasil analisis ditemukan bahwa harian The Jakarta Post banyak menggunakan jenis metafora. Keseluruhannya ditemukan 24 kasus yang terdiri dari 11 kasus hiperbola, 2 kasus metonymy, 5 kasus sinekdok, dan 6 kasus composite. 4iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABSTRACT TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION.i iii iv 1 1.1 Background of the Analysis 1 1.2 Problems of the Analysis 4 1.3 Objectives of the Analysis 4 1.4 Significances of the Analysis 5 1.5 Scope of the Analysis 5 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 6 2.1 Theory of Semantics 6 2.2 Scope of Semantics 8 2.3 Meaning 8 2.4 Figurative Language 10 2.5 Metaphor 11 2.5.1 Hyperbole 13 2.5.2 Metonymy 14 2.5.3 Synecdoche 16 2.5.4 Composite 17 CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD 19 3.1 Research Design 19 iv 5
3.2 Data Collecting Method 20 3.3 Data Analyzing Method 20 CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS 22 4.1 Data Analysis 22 4.1.1 Hyperbole 22 4.1.2 Metonymy 25 4.1.3 Synecdoche 26 4.1.4 Composite 28 4.2 Findings 35 CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 36 5.1 Conclusions 36 5.2 Suggestions 36 BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDICES 38 40 6v