CROSS-CUTTING ISSUES ANTARA SERVICES CHAPTER DAN INVESTMENT CHAPTER DALAM PERJANJIAN PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL (FTA/EPA/CEPA) HERLIZA DIREKTUR PERUNDINGAN PERDAGANGAN JASA DITJEN KERJA SAMA PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL KEMENTERIAN PERDAGANGAN MEDAN, 10 DESEMBER 2015
Pengamatan Umum Bagaimana dan di mana jasa dan investasi diatur. How Positive Negative Where Services Chapter Investment Chapter Approach GATS-inspired NAFTA-inspired That affects 1 2 3 Structure of the agreement Investment protection Investment liberalization Masing-masing chapter memiliki mekanisme sendiri-sendiri dalam memproteksi penyediaan jasa melalui commercial presence dan/ investasi bidang jasa. Level proteksi dan liberalisasi yang diatur kedua chapter adalah berbeda. Source: Korea s presentation at RCEP WGTIS 3 meeting 2
Isu Liberalisasi dan Proteksi pada Commercial Presence Investment protection provisions GATS-inspired Could be covered by linkage provisions. However, level of protection is depends on its context NAFTA-inspired Expropriation and Compensation Transfer Compensation and Loses MSOT Subrogation Special Formalities and Information Requirements ISD Investment liberalization provisions NT MFN Not covered NT MFN PR SMBD 5
Commercial Presence vs Investment Pengaturan commercial presence dapat di-cover oleh chapter TIS dan chapter investment Menurut Chapter TIS: Pengaturan chapter ini akan berlaku pada penyediaan jasa yang dilakukan melalui keberadaan komersial di wilayah negara lain Menurut chapter investment: pengaturan chapter berlaku pada setiap aset yang dikendalikan oleh investor baik secara langsung maupun tidak langsung yang memiliki characteristics of an investment 4
Chapter TIS dan Chapter Investment dijalankan secara Berbeda. Chapter Investment: Pendekatan asset-based Chapter TIS: Pendekatan enterprise-based Dikatakan bahwa pendekatan secara aset adalah lebih luas daripada pendekatan secara enterprise: All enterprises are assets, but not all assets are enterprises Services chapters usually require the enterprise to be owned or controlled by persons of another Party, however Investment chapters also cover non-controlling shareholdings 5
Gambaran Pengaturan pada Chapter Trade in Services dan Chapter Investment Source: Japan s presentation at RCEP WGTIS 5 meeting 6
Linkage Chapter Trade in Services dan Chapter Investment IJEPA Article [57.2] Scope Chapter Investment: In the event of any inconsistency between this Chapter and Chapter 6: a. with respect to matters covered by Articles 59, 60 and 63, Chapter 6 shall prevail to the extent of inconsistency; and b. with respect to matters not falling under subparagraph (a), this Chapter shall prevail to the extent of inconsistency. Note: Article 59 (National Treatment), Article 60 (Most- Favoured-Nation) dan Article 63 (Prohibitions of Performance Requirements) 7
Linkage Chapter Trade in Services dan Chapter Investment IJEPA CHAPTER INVESTMENT Artikel yang diatur oleh keduanya, yang jika terjadi inkonsistensi maka yang berlaku adalah ch.investment Article 59 (National Treatment), Article 60 (Most-Favoured- Nation) dan Article 63 (Prohibitions of Performance Requirements) CHAPTER TRADE IN SERVICES
Linkage Chapter Trade in Services dan Chapter Investment IJEPA Chapter TIS Chapter Investment TIS only Investment only Market Access National Treatment National Treatment Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment Most-Favoured-Nation Treatment Additional commitments Schedule of specific commitments Authorization, Licensing or Qualification Mutual Recognition Transparency General Treatment Access to the Courts of Justice Prohibition of Performance Requirements Reservations and Exceptions Expropriation and Compensation Protection from Strife Monopolies and Exclusive Service Suppliers 9
Linkage Chapter Trade in Services dan Chapter Investment IJEPA Chapter TIS Chapter Investment TIS only Investment only Payment and Transfers Transfers Subrogation Settlement of Investment Disputes between a Party and an Investor of the Other Party Restriction to safeguard the balance of payments Emergency safeguard measures Temporary safeguard measures Prudential Measures Denial of benefits Denial of benefits Taxation Measures as Expropriation Environmental Measures 10
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