Materi 5: Introduction to Programmable Controllers

Materi 5: Introduction to Programmable Controllers I Nyoman Kusuma Wardana Sistem Komputer STMIK STIKOM Bali

Introduction to Programmable Controllers Kusuma Wardana, M.Sc. 2

Programmable Logic Controllers disebut jg sbg Programmable Controllers (PLC) PLC alat berbasis mikroporsesor yg dikhususkan utk tujuan kontrol PLC mampu menyimpan instruksi yg meliputi: sequencing, timing, data manipulation, & communication utk mengontrol proses industri Kusuma Wardana, M.Sc. 3

PLC conceptual application diagram Kusuma Wardana, M.Sc. 4

Saat ini, sinyal elektrik dijadikan sbg sinyal kontrol Contoh: relay memungkinkan pengontrolan daya tanpa saklar mekanik Perkembangan komputer melahirkan PLC PLC mulai dikembangkan thn 1970-an dan mnjd begitu populer sampai saat ini, terutama utk kontrol proses Kusuma Wardana, M.Sc. 5

Kelebihan yg ditawarkan PLC: 1. Harga yg efektif utk mengontrol sistem yg kompleks 2. Fleksibel dpt diganti utk mengontrol sistem yg lain dgn cepat & mudah 3. Kemampuan komputasi memungkinkan algoritma pengontrolan yg canggih 4. Troubleshooting menghemat waktu 5. Ketangguhan komponen digunakan utk jangka lama Kusuma Wardana, M.Sc. 6

Konsep awal PLC pengganti relay, utk fungsi ON/OFF utk mengontrol proses/mesin dlm urutan tertentu Selanjutnya PLC mengalami prkembangan pesat: Time scanning yg cepat High-density I/O Intelligent microprocessor-based dpt menerapkan PID, network, CANbus, fieldbus Support bhs tingkat tinggi: BASIC, C Peripheral equipment handled programming unit Kusuma Wardana, M.Sc. 7

Contoh: Allen-Bradley s PLC Kusuma Wardana, M.Sc. 8

Introduction to Programmable Controllers Kusuma Wardana, M.Sc. 9

Dua bagian utama: 1. CPU 2. Antarmuka I/O (input-output) Programmable controller block diagram Kusuma Wardana, M.Sc. 10

I/O scr fisik terkoneksi dgn field device Field device: limit switch, pressure transducer, pushbutton, motor starter, solenoid, dsb Kusuma Wardana, M.Sc. 11

CPU sendiri terdiri dr komponen utama: processor, sistem memori & power supply Block diagram of major CPU components Kusuma Wardana, M.Sc. 12

CPU melakukan 3 proses operasi: 1. Read: membaca input dr field device 2. Execute: menjalankan program yg tersimpan pd memori 3. Write: update status ke output device Kusuma Wardana, M.Sc. 13

Sistem I/O mlalui suatu antarmuka (interface) Input/output interface Kusuma Wardana, M.Sc. 14

Programming device dapat berupa: 1. Personal computer 2. Miniprogrammer unit Personal Computer Miniprogrammer Kusuma Wardana, M.Sc. 15

PLC vs Relay Control PLC menawarkan: fleksibilitas, troubleshooting & maintenance Kontrol relai mulai kesulitan ketika dihadapkan pd perkembangan dunia industri yg begitu pesat Kusuma Wardana, M.Sc. 16

PLC vs Computer Control PLC bertahan pd lingkungan industri: electrical noise, electromagnetic interference, mechanical vibration, noncondensing humidity, dsb PLC dikhususkan utk menjalankan software yg terdedikasi utk tujuan kontrol, sdgkan komputer dapat ditanamkan berbagai aplikasi Kusuma Wardana, M.Sc. 17

PLC yg tersusun rapi pd suatu panel kontrol Kusuma Wardana, M.Sc. 18

PLC vs Personal Computer PLC menawarkan koneksi dgn field device A personal computer used as a bridge between a PLC system and a main computer system Kusuma Wardana, M.Sc. 19

Contoh penerapan PLC: Kusuma Wardana, M.Sc. 20

PLC dpt disegmentasikan mnjd 5 grup: 1. Micro PLC 2. Small PLC 3. Medium PLC 4. Large PLC 5. Very Large PLC PLC product ranges Kusuma Wardana, M.Sc. 21

(a) Mitsubishi s smallest print size PLC (14 I/O), (b) PLC Direct DL105 with 18 I/O and a capacity of 6 amps per output channel, (c) Giddings & Lewis PIC90 capable of handling 128 I/O with motion control capabilities, (d) Allen-Bradley s PLC 5/15 (512 I/O), (e) Omron s C200H PLC (1392 I/O), and (f) Allen-Bradley s PLC 5/80 (3072 I/O) Kusuma Wardana, M.Sc. 22

Bhs pemrograman memungkinkan user utk memasukkan program ke PLC Tiga tipe pemrograman PLC, sbb: 1. Ladder 2. Boolean 3. Grafcet Kusuma Wardana, M.Sc. 23

Introduction to Programmable Controllers Kusuma Wardana, M.Sc. 24

Ladder bhs pemrograman yg menggunakan simbol dasar dan prinsip kerja relai Ladder dikenal sbg diagram tangga Kusuma Wardana, M.Sc. 25

Amati diagram tangga berikut: Diagram digambarkan secara hardware Diagram digambarkan pada Ladder PLC Kusuma Wardana, M.Sc. 26

Beberapa jenis simbol dlm diagram relai: Limit switch (NO) Pressure (NO) Pushbutton (NO) Coils Motor Limit switch (NC) Pushbutton (NC) Liquid level (NO) Temperature (NO) Contact (NO) Pilot Light Siren, Horn Solenoid Liquid level (NC) Flow (NO) Contact (NC) Kusuma Wardana, M.Sc. 27

ELECTRICAL RELAY DIAGRAM SYMBOLS Kusuma Wardana, M.Sc. 28

Amati contoh berikut: Simple electrical ladder diagram Diagram ladder memperlihatkan interkoneksi satu komponen dgn komponen lainnya Mengubah status 1 komponen akan mengakibatkan perubahan status komponen lainnya Kusuma Wardana, M.Sc. 29

Aplikasi yg menerapkan I/O: PLC implementation Kusuma Wardana, M.Sc. 30

Bbrp peluang konfigurasi I/O : Possible Kusuma configurations Wardana, M.Sc. of inputs and corresponding outputs 31

Kusuma Wardana, M.Sc. 32

Bryan,L.A., Bryan, E.A., 1997, Programmable Controllers: Theory and Implementation, Industrial Text Company Dunn,W.C, 2005, Fundamental of Industrial Instrumentation and Process Control, McGraw- Hill Companies, Inc. Jack, Hugh, 2003, Automatic Manufacturing Systems with PLCs, Free Software Foundation (GNU Free Document License). Available at: http://claymore.engineer.gvsu.edu/~jackh/bo oks.html Kusuma Wardana, M.Sc. 33