Pengantar Teknologi Informasi Jaringan (Layer Fisik)
Sebelumnya Standard Protocol Layer OSI LAYER Application (7) Presentation (6) TCP/IP 5. Application Session (5) Transport (4) Network (3) Data link (2) Physical (1) 4. Transport 3. Internet 2. Data link 1. Physical
Layer Fisik 1. Sinyal digital dan analog Contoh alat: modem 2. Media transmisi
1. Layer Fisik: sinyal Masalah pe-sinyal-an: Sinyal digital Sinyal analog VOLTAGE LEVEL 1 CLOCK CYCLE
1. Layer Fisik Masalah pe-sinyal-an: Komputer memahami digital (biner) Media hanya menghantarkan sinyal analog Sistem Perteleponan Komputer A Sinyal digital Modem Sinyal analog Sinyal analog Modem Sinyal digital Komputer B
1. Modulasi Sinyal dikirimkan dalam perubahan modus Jenis modulasi: AM : amplitude FM : frequency PM : phase CM : complex Carrier AM FM PM
1. Modem Modulator: ubah sinyal digital ke analog Demodulator: ubah sinyal analog ke digital (biasa) digunakan menghubungkan komputer melalui line telepon (analog) Modem komputer PC
1. Modem Modem: Modulator - Demodulator Modem komputer PC: External Internal PCMCIA Port: serial / com, usb, Standard: ITU-T
1. Komunikasi Komunikasi: mengirim data dari sumber ke tujuan. Transmiter: alat untuk mengirim Receiver: alat untuk menerima Source transmitter receiver Destination PC 1 PC 2 Destination receiver transmitter Source
1. Arah Transmisi RX TX Simplex Contoh: siaran radio Pc-1 TX RX Pc-2 Duplex: Duplex: full-duplex Half duplex Full duplex ibook recv simplex Pc-1 TX RX media Half duplex TX RX Pc-2 transmit Pc-1 Receive Pc-2
2. Media Transmisi Jenis media Kabel, wire, guided Nirkabel, wireless, unguided Karakteristik Topologi Jarak
Kabel Twisted Pair Shielded twisted pair (stp) Unshielded twisted pair (utp) Coaxial cable Optical fiber
Hubungan 2 komputer Hubungkan 2 komputer: serial-to-serial: terminal, null modem network card, UTP cable Network card, coaxial cable Berbeda: hubungan komputer dengan external device (printer, keyboard, ) PC-1 PC-2
Hubungan 2 komputer Hubungkan 2 komputer melalui PSTN Telephone Telephone COM USB PC-1 Modem PSTN Public Service Telephone Network Modem PC-2
Hubungan 2 komputer Hubungkan komputer ke ISP Telephone Internet COM PC-1 Modem PSTN Public Service Telephone Network T1: 32 lines Rack modem Router Internet Service Provider
UTP, banyak komputer 1 hub: beberapa komputer jumlah port di hub
Jaringan UTP Hubungan antar hub
Twisted Pair Jenis: STP UTP Speed autosensing 4 pairs (8 lembar) No metal shielding RJ-45 Connector RJ-45 Jack
UTP
Coaxial cabel TV (CATV) LAN
Fiber Optic Serat lensa Cladding Light Source (LED or Laser) Core Light Ray Reflection at Core/Cladding Boundary
Wireless Radio modem wavelan Access Point WiFi VSAT PAN: bluetooth, IrDA
Service band Frequency Spectrum (0 Hz to infinity) Service Band Channel 5 Channel 4 Channel 3 Channel 2 Channel 1 service band = pita layanan Setiap service band dibagi dalam beberapa chanel Bandwidth: lebar pita Makin lebar pita, makin cepat sinyal Broadband: wide bandwidth Narowband: small bandwidth 0 Hz
Radio Modem Frekuensi radio: 30 300 MHz Max data rate: 100 Kbps Jarak tergantung amplifier Radio amatir
wavelan Standard: 802.11 Unlicensed frequency: 2,4 GHz dan 5,8 GHz industrial, scientific and medical devices (ISM) Hubungan antar gedung, maks: 5 km; amplifier->60km Digunakan oleh: warnet, sekolah, isp Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)
Access Point Penghubung dari wireless ke LAN Switch Or Hub UTP Server RJ-45 Port Access Point
WiFi Wireless Local Area Network based on IEEE 802.11 specification 802.11b: 11 mbps; 2.4 GHz 802.11g: 50 mbps ; 2.4 GHz 802.11a: 50 mbps; 5 GHz connecting mobile data devices and Wi-Fi access points to wired network Wireless Protected Access hotspot
Bluetooth connecting between mobile data devices PAN: personal area network Frekuensi: 2.4 GHz
IrDA Infrared Data Association
Satellite Point-to-Point Uplink Broadcast Downlink Geosynchronous Satellite Earth Station A Earth Station B
Topology Star Bus Ring Bus Switch, hub, repeater
Jarak LAN: jarak dekat, area terbatas WAN: jarak jauh, melalui area publik