KATA PENGANTAR Penulis panjatkan puji dan syukur kepada Allah SWT, yang telah memberikan kelancaran dalam menyelesaikan buku teks ini. Buku ini disusun oleh penulis sebagai pegangan mahasiswa dalam mengikuti perkuliahan Geografi Regional Indonesia. Penulis menyadari dalam penulisan buku ini masih ada kekurangan, karena itu kritik dan saran dari berbagai pihak pemakai buku ini sangat diharapkan. Akhir kata mudah-mudahan buku ini ada manfaatnya, khususnya bagi mahasiswa Jurusan Pendidikan Geografi Fakultas Pendidikan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia. Bandung, Februari 2010 Penulis, Drs. H. Dadang Sungkawa, M.Pd i
DAFTAR ISI Halaman KATA PENGANTAR... i DAFTAR ISI... ii I. LETAK INDONESIA... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.1. Letak Indonesia... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1) Garis Lintang... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2) Garis Bujur... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.2. Letak Geografis... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.3. Topografi dan Geologi... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.4. Letak Sosial Budaya... Error! Bookmark not defined. II. I K L I M... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.1. Sifat Unsur-unsur Iklim... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1) Gerakan Angin... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2) Gerakan Suhu... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3) Curah Hujan... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.2. Bentuk Lain Dari Air di Udara Selain Hujan... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1) Awan... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2) Kabut... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3) Embun... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.3. Pola Umum Curah Hujan... Error! Bookmark not defined. III. FLORA DAN FAUNA INDONESIA... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.1. Flora... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2. Fauna... Error! Bookmark not defined. IV. PERAIRAN LAUT INDONESIA... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.1. Wilayah Laut Indonesia... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.2. Manfaat Laut... Error! Bookmark not defined. a) Transportasi... Error! Bookmark not defined. b) Perikanan... Error! Bookmark not defined. c) Pertambangan... Error! Bookmark not defined. d) Bahan baku obat-obatan... Error! Bookmark not defined. e) Energi... Error! Bookmark not defined. f) Rekreasi dan Pariwisata... Error! Bookmark not defined. g) Pendidikan dan Penelitian... Error! Bookmark not defined. h) Konversi Lahan... Error! Bookmark not defined. i) Pertahanan dan Keamanan... Error! Bookmark not defined. ii
4.3. Dasar Laut... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1) Paparan Sunda... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2) Paparan Arapura Sahul... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3) Perairan Laut Dalam Indonesia Bagian Timur... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.4. Ekosistem... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1) Ekosistem Mangrove... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2) Ekosistem Terumbu Karang.... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.5. Pembagian Laut... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1) Laut Menurut Terjadinya :... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2) Laut Menurut Letaknya... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.6. Kedalaman Laut... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.7. Pemanfaatan Perairan Laut... Error! Bookmark not defined. V. KEADAAN HIDROLOGI INDONESIA... Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.1. Air Tanah... Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.2. Sungai... Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.3. Danau... Error! Bookmark not defined. 5.4. Rawa... Error! Bookmark not defined. VI. PENDUDUK INDONESIA... Error! Bookmark not defined. 6.1. Jumlah dan Laju Pertumbuhan Penduduk... Error! Bookmark not defined. 6.2. Persebaran dan Kepadatan Penduduk... Error! Bookmark not defined. 6.3. Rasio Jenis Kelamin... Error! Bookmark not defined. VII. MATA PENCAHARIAN PENDUDUK... Error! Bookmark not defined. 7.1. Pertanian... Error! Bookmark not defined. 7.2. Perkebunan... Error! Bookmark not defined. 7.3. Kehutanan... Error! Bookmark not defined. 7.4. Peternakan... Error! Bookmark not defined. 7.5. Perikanan... Error! Bookmark not defined. 7.6. Pertambangan... Error! Bookmark not defined. 7.7. Industri... Error! Bookmark not defined. 7.8. Perhubungan... Error! Bookmark not defined. 7.9. Pariwisata... Error! Bookmark not defined. VIII. SUMATRA... Error! Bookmark not defined. 8.1. Iklim... Error! Bookmark not defined. 8.2. Fisiografi... Error! Bookmark not defined. iii
8.3. Flora dan Fauna... Error! Bookmark not defined. 8.4. Ekonomi... Error! Bookmark not defined. 8.5. Penggunaan Tanah... Error! Bookmark not defined. IX. JAWA... Error! Bookmark not defined. 9.1. Sejarah... Error! Bookmark not defined. 9.2. Iklim... Error! Bookmark not defined. 9.3. Fisiografi... Error! Bookmark not defined. 9.4. Industrialisasi... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1) Daerah Khusus Ibu Kota Jakarta... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2) Jawa Barat... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3) Jawa Tengah... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4) Daerah Istimiwa Yogyakarta... Error! Bookmark not defined. 5) Jawa Timur... Error! Bookmark not defined. X. KALIMANTAN... Error! Bookmark not defined. 10.1. Letak dan Luas... Error! Bookmark not defined. 10.2. Iklim... Error! Bookmark not defined. 10.3. Fisiografi... Error! Bookmark not defined. 10.4. Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya... Error! Bookmark not defined. 10.5. Perdagangan... Error! Bookmark not defined. 10.6. Pertambangan... Error! Bookmark not defined. 10.7. Kaitan pemanfaatan Sumber Dengan wilayah di Kalimantan.... Error! Bookmark not defined. 10.8. Penduduk... Error! Bookmark not defined. XI. BALI... Error! Bookmark not defined. 11.1. Fisiografi... Error! Bookmark not defined. 11.2. Sungai dan Danau... Error! Bookmark not defined. 11.3. Pulau... Error! Bookmark not defined. 11.4. Iklim... Error! Bookmark not defined. 11.5. Flora dan Fauna... Error! Bookmark not defined. 11.7. Suku Bangsa... Error! Bookmark not defined. 11.8. Bahasa Daerah... Error! Bookmark not defined. 11.9. Agama... Error! Bookmark not defined. 11.10. Seni Budaya... Error! Bookmark not defined. 11.11. Pemerintahan... Error! Bookmark not defined. iv
11.12. Ekonomi... Error! Bookmark not defined. 11.13. Pertanian... Error! Bookmark not defined. 11.14. Perkebunan... Error! Bookmark not defined. 11.15. Kehutanan... Error! Bookmark not defined. 11.16. Peternakan... Error! Bookmark not defined. 11.17. Perikanan... Error! Bookmark not defined. 11.18. Pertambangan dan Industri... Error! Bookmark not defined. 11.19. Perhubungan... Error! Bookmark not defined. 11.20. Pariwisata... Error! Bookmark not defined. XII. NUSA TENGGARA BARAT... Error! Bookmark not defined. 12.1. Fisiografi... Error! Bookmark not defined. 12.2. Gunung... Error! Bookmark not defined. 12.3. Sungai... Error! Bookmark not defined. 12.4. Danau dan mata air.... Error! Bookmark not defined. 12.5. Pulau... Error! Bookmark not defined. 12.6. Iklim... Error! Bookmark not defined. 12.7. Flora dan Fauna... Error! Bookmark not defined. 12.8. Penduduk... Error! Bookmark not defined. 12.9. Bahasa daerah.... Error! Bookmark not defined. 12.10. Seni Budaya... Error! Bookmark not defined. 12.11. Pendidikan... Error! Bookmark not defined. 12.12. Pemerintahan... Error! Bookmark not defined. 12.13. Ekonomi... Error! Bookmark not defined. XIII. NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR... Error! Bookmark not defined. 13.1. Fisiografi... Error! Bookmark not defined. 13.2. Gunung... Error! Bookmark not defined. 13.3. Sungai dan Danau... Error! Bookmark not defined. 13.4. Pulau... Error! Bookmark not defined. 13.5. Iklim... Error! Bookmark not defined. 13.6. Flora dan Fauna... Error! Bookmark not defined. 13.7. Penduduk... Error! Bookmark not defined. 13.8. Suku Bangsa... Error! Bookmark not defined. 13.9. Bahasa Daerah... Error! Bookmark not defined. v
13.10. Seni budaya.... Error! Bookmark not defined. 13.11. Pendidikan.... Error! Bookmark not defined. 13.12. Pemerintahan.... Error! Bookmark not defined. 13.13. Ekonomi.... Error! Bookmark not defined. 13.14. Pertanian.... Error! Bookmark not defined. 13.15. Perkebunan.... Error! Bookmark not defined. 13.16. Kehutanan.... Error! Bookmark not defined. 13.17. Peternakan.... Error! Bookmark not defined. 13.18. Perikanan... Error! Bookmark not defined. 13.19. Pertambangan.... Error! Bookmark not defined. 13.20. Industri.... Error! Bookmark not defined. 13.21. Perhubungan.... Error! Bookmark not defined. 13.22. Pariwisata.... Error! Bookmark not defined. XIV. SULAWESI... Error! Bookmark not defined. 14.1. Kondisi Fisik Sulawesi... Error! Bookmark not defined. a) Letak dan Luas... Error! Bookmark not defined. b) Iklim... Error! Bookmark not defined. c) Geologi... Error! Bookmark not defined. d) Fisiografi... Error! Bookmark not defined. e) Tanah... Error! Bookmark not defined. f) Flora dan Fauna... Error! Bookmark not defined. 14.2. Penduduk Sulawesi... Error! Bookmark not defined. a) Etnik... Error! Bookmark not defined. b) Agama... Error! Bookmark not defined. c) Budaya... Error! Bookmark not defined. d) Kegiatan Ekonomi Penduduk... Error! Bookmark not defined. XV. MALUKU... Error! Bookmark not defined. 15.1. Suejarah... Error! Bookmark not defined. 15.2. Geografi... Error! Bookmark not defined. a. Fisiografi... Error! Bookmark not defined. b. Gunung... Error! Bookmark not defined. c. Sungai... Error! Bookmark not defined. d. Danau-danau... Error! Bookmark not defined. e. Pulau... Error! Bookmark not defined. f. Iklim... Error! Bookmark not defined. 15.3. Kekayaan Alam... Error! Bookmark not defined. 15.4. Penduduk... Error! Bookmark not defined. a. Suku Bangsa... Error! Bookmark not defined. vi
b. Bahasa Daerah... Error! Bookmark not defined. c. Agama... Error! Bookmark not defined. d. Pendidikan... Error! Bookmark not defined. e. Pemerintahan... Error! Bookmark not defined. f. Ekonomi... Error! Bookmark not defined. XVI. PAPUA... Error! Bookmark not defined. 16.1. Geografi... Error! Bookmark not defined. a) Fisiografi... Error! Bookmark not defined. b) Gunung... Error! Bookmark not defined. c) Sungai... Error! Bookmark not defined. d) Danau... Error! Bookmark not defined. e) Pulau... Error! Bookmark not defined. f) Iklim... Error! Bookmark not defined. 16.2. Kekayaan Alam... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1) Penggunaan Tanah... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2) Air dan Perairan... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3) Flora dan Fauna... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4) Bahan Tambang... Error! Bookmark not defined. 16.3. Penduduk... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1) Suku Bangsa... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2) Bahasa Daerah... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3) Agama... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4) Pendidikan... Error! Bookmark not defined. 16.4. Pemerintahan... Error! Bookmark not defined. 16.5. Ekonomi... Error! Bookmark not defined. DAFTAR LITERATUR... Error! Bookmark not defined. vii