CAD SYSTEM (Computer Aided Design)

Transkripsi

1 CAD SYSTEM (Computer Aided Design) 1

2 2

3 Contoh penggunaan sistem CAD 3

4 A photorealistic rendered image created by using POV-Ray 3.6. The glasses, ashtray and pitcher were modeled with Rhinoceros 3D and the dice with Cinema 4D. 4

5 wireframe hidden edges wireframe uv isolines An open surface with u- and v-flow lines and Z-contours shown. Facet wireframe Facet shaded 5

6 shaded reflection lines reflected image 6

7 Visualization of how a car deforms in an asymmetrical crash using finite element analysis. 7

8 CAE Computer-aided Engineering CAD (Computer-aided Design) CAA (Computer-aided Analysis) CAM (Computer-aided Manufacturing) 8

9 Pekerjaan Dasar yang Dilakukan dalam Sistem CAD Pemodelan geometri Analisis teknik Penyimpanan dan pemanggilan data Penggambaran otomatis Gambar pandangan ganda Wire frame modeling Surface modeling Solid modeling 9

10 Kelebihan Solid Modeling Membantu visualisasi. Ilustrasi Pandangan potongan pada berbagai sudut pandang Memperkecil kesalahan dalam produksi/pemesinan Menyediakan sifat-ifat massa (isi, berat, titik berat, momen inersia dll.) Analisis Teknik Untuk perhitungan stress dan sifat-sifat sistem Analisis yang digunakan: Sifat-sifat massa Finite-element modeling 10

11 SISTEM CAD (Program + Fasilitas AutoCAD) Mulai Masukan Data Rancangan Analisis Rancangan Perhitungan Koordinat gbr., Ukuran benda dll. Membuat file Script Menjalankan Script AutoCAD Ukuran dan bahan (spesifikasi) Perhitungan Koordinat gbr., Ukuran benda Dll. Penyelesaian Gambar Gambar Model; Layout 11

12 SISTEM CAD untuk PISAU ROTARI Garu Rotari Pisau Rotari Mekanisme Kerja 12

13 Dasar Rancang Bangun Pisau Rotari Bagian Pegangan Bagian Ujung Pisau Bagian Pisau Lurus 13

14 Tahapan Perancangan Pisau Rotari Jari-jari Bagian pegangan Pangkal dan lengkungan Lengkugan pisau Bag. sekop Bag. sekop Kurva kelengkungan Potongan Lengkung belakang Bagian sekop Ujung pisau Gambar kerja 14

15 Contoh Hasil Perancangan Pisau Rotari 15

16 Sistem CAD Pisau Pemotong Rumput Mata pisau Tipe slasher Tipe reel Reel Bedknife Tipe cutter bar 16

17 Mekanisme Pemotong Rumput (tipe reel) Arah maju pemotongan Poros Arah putar Rangka Blade Setelah dipotong Belum dipotong Bedknife 17

18 Proses Perancangan QBasic Input data rancangan QBasic Pengolahan data rancangan Pembuatan dan penyimpanan file script AutoCAD Pembuatan gambar kerja otomatis File-file script Data rancangan saran Gambar kerja 18

19 Sudut potong (a) Diameter reel (b) Panjang reel (c) Jumlah blade (d) Parameter Rancangan a d b c 19

20 Lebar blade (e) Tebal blade (f) Rake angle (g) f e g 20

21 Rake angle & Penampang blade Blade Rake Angle 21

22 Rancangan model pisau tipe reel Panjang = 540 mm Diameter = 126 mm Jumlah blade = 5 buah Tebal blade = 3 mm Lebar blade = 30 mm Rake angle = 5 0 Rangka Blade Poros 22

23 Hasil Gambar dari Program Panja ng (mm) 500 Jumlah blade

24 Code Program COLOR 11, 0: LOCATE 22, 21: INPUT "do you want to change data?(y/n):"; pil$ IF pil$ = "Y" OR pil$ = "y" THEN GOTO 8 PRINT 'PERHITUNGAN SUDUT POTONG PHI = : KLL = DR * PHI: KLL1 = PR * TAN(SP / ) SUDUT1 = (KLL1 / KLL) * 360: S1 = SUDUT1 'PERHITUNGAN KOORDINAT REKE ANGLE,SUDUT POTONGPerhitungan Rake Angle, Sudut Potong X = 0: Y = 0: Z = 0 RR = DR / 2: TB1 = TB / 2: TB2 = TB / 3: TB3 = TB / 6: TB4 = (2 * TB) / 3 XSM = (TAN(30)) / TB4 SSS4 = LB + XSM SSS5 = SQR(XSM ^ 2 + TB4 ^ 2) X0T1 = X + RR: Y0T1 = Y XT1 = X0T1: YT1 = Y0T1 SXT1 = XT1 -.05: SYT1 = YT R1 = SQR(XT1 ^ 2 + YT1 ^ 2): K1 = YT1 / XT1: S2 = ATN(K1) * TRI = SQR(RR ^ 2 - TB3 ^ 2): TRI1 = ATN(TRI / TB3) * TRI4 = 90 - TRI1 X0T2 = TB2 * SIN(TRI4 / ): Y0T2 = TB2 * COS(TRI4 / ) SX0T2 = X0T2 / 2: SY0T2 = Y0T2 / 2Perhitungan Koordinat titik-titik tepi blade XT2 = XT1 - X0T2: YT2 = YT1 + Y0T2 SXT2 = XT1 - SX0T2: SYT2 = YT1 + SY0T2 R2 = SQR(XT2 ^ 2 + YT2 ^ 2): K2 = YT2 / XT2: S3 = ATN(K2) * X0T5 = LB * COS(RA / ): Y0T5 = LB * SIN(RA / ) SX0T5 = X0T5 / 2: SY0T5 = Y0T5 / 2 XT5 = XT1 - X0T5: YT5 = YT1 + Y0T5 SXT5 = XT1 - SX0T5: SYT5 = YT1 + SY0T5 R5 = SQR(XT5 ^ 2 + YT5 ^ 2): K5 = YT5 / XT5: S6 = ATN(K5) * X0T4 = TB * SIN(RA / ): Y0T4 = TB * COS(RA / ) SX0T4 = X0T4 / 2: SY0T4 = Y0T4 / 2 XT4 = XT5 + X0T4: YT4 = YT5 + Y0T4 SXT4 = XT5 + SX0T4: SYT4 = YT5 + SY0T4 R4 = SQR(XT4 ^ 2 + YT4 ^ 2): K4 = YT4 / XT4: S5 = ATN(K4) * PT4T3 = TB4 * TAN(30 / ): P43 = LB - PT4T3 X0T3 = P43 * COS(RA / ): Y0T3 = P43 * SIN(RA / ) SX0T3 = X0T3 / 2: SY0T3 = Y0T3 / 2 XT3 = XT4 + X0T3: YT3 = YT4 - Y0T3 SXT3 = XT4 + SX0T3: SYT3 = YT4 - SY0T3 R3 = SQR(XT3 ^ 2 + YT3 ^ 2): K3 = YT3 / XT3: S4 = ATN(K3) * Code Program Perhitungan Rake Angle, Sudut Potong Perhitungan Koordinat titik-titik tepi blade 24

25 'PERHITUNGAN PILIHAN SISI ATAS1 SXT1A = R1 * COS((S1 + S2) / ): SYT1A = R1 * SIN((S1 + S2) / ) Perhitungan Sisi Atas SXT2A = R2 * COS((S1 + S3) / ): SYT2A = R2 * SIN((S1 + S3) / ) SXT3A = R3 * COS((S1 + S4) / ): SYT3A = R3 * SIN((S1 + S4) / ) SXT4A = R4 * COS((S1 + S5) / ): SYT4A = R4 * SIN((S1 + S5) / ) SXT5A = R5 * COS((S1 + S6) / ): SYT5A = R5 * SIN((S1 + S6) / ) 'PERHITUNGAN PILIH SISI BAWAH SXT1 = (XT1 + XT2) / 2: SXT2 = (XT2 + XT3) / 2 Perhitungan Sisi Bawah SXT3 = (XT3 + XT4) / 2: SXT4 = (XT4 + XT5) / 2 SXT5 = (XT5 + XT1) / 2: SYT1 = (YT1 + YT2) / 2 SYT2 = (YT2 + YT3) / 2: SYT3 = (YT3 + YT4) / 2 SYT4 = (YT4 + YT5) / 2: SYT5 = (YT5 + YT1) / 2 'PERHITUNGAN SISI ATAS OKEY SXT1ATAS = (SXT1A + SXT2A) / 2: SXT2ATAS = (SXT2A + SXT3A) / 2 SXT3ATAS = (SXT3A + SXT4A) / 2: SXT4ATAS = (SXT4A + SXT5A) / 2 SXT5ATAS = (SXT5A + SXT1A) / 2: SYT1ATAS = (SYT1A + SYT2A) / 2 SYT2ATAS = (SYT2A + SYT3A) / 2: SYT3ATAS = (SYT3A + SYT4A) / 2 SYT4ATAS = (SYT4A + SYT5A) / 2: SYT5ATAS = (SYT5A + SYT1A) / 2 Mulai Membuat File Script untuk Gambar Isometri 'PROSES PENGGAMBARAN REEL ISOMETRI CLS : LOCATE 15, 15: COLOR 5, 0 COLOR 5, 5: CLS : COLOR 3, 0 LOCATE 10, 10: PRINT " FOR az = 1 TO 8 Perhitungan Sisi Atas Perhitungan Sisi Bawah Mulai Membuat File Script untuk Gambar Isometri 25

26 LOCATE 10 + az, 10: PRINT "³ ³" NEXT az LOCATE 18, 10: PRINT " LOCATE 12, 20 PRINT "Please Wait for a minute " OPEN "O", 1, "C:iso.SCR" LOCATE 15, 20 PRINT "Your data is being saved at File C:Iso.SCR" LOCATE 17, 30 INPUT "go... (Y/N):", PILL$ IF PILL$ = "Y" OR PILL$ = "y" GOTO 19 IF PILL$ = "N" OR PILL$ = "n" GOTO OPEN "O", 1, "C:iso.SCR" PRINT #1, "-layer": PRINT #1, "n": PRINT #1, "Rangka": PRINT #1, "s" PRINT #1, "Rangka": PRINT #1, "": PRINT #1, "COLOR": PRINT #1, "1" PRINT #1, "CIRCLE" WRITE #1, X, Y, Z - 100: PRINT #1, "D": PRINT #1, "25" PRINT #1, "EXTRUDE" WRITE #1, X , Y, Z - 100: PRINT #1, "": WRITE #1, PR PRINT #1, "" PRINT #1, "COLOR" PRINT #1, "6": PRINT #1, "CIRCLE" WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30: PRINT #1, "D": WRITE #1, DR - LB PRINT #1, "EXTRUDE" WRITE #1, X + ((DR - LB) / 2), Y, Z + 30: PRINT #1, "": PRINT #1, "5" PRINT #1, "" IF PR < 400 GOTO 20 WRITE #1, X , Y, Z IF PR >= 400 AND PR <= 600 GOTO 30 IF PR >= 600 AND PR <= 800 GOTO 40 IF PR >= 800 AND PR <= 1000 GOTO 50 IF PR > 1000 GOTO RANGKA = (PR - 60) / 2: GOTO RANGKA = (PR - 60) / 3: GOTO RANGKA = (PR - 60) / 4: GOTO RANGKA = (PR - 60) / 5: GOTO RANGKA = (PR - 60) / 6: GOTO PRINT #1, "COPY" Membuka File #1 :C:iso.SCR Untuk Script Gambar OPEN "O", 1, "C:iso.SCR" Memasukkan Command - (gbr lingkaran) ke File #1 PRINT #1, "CIRCLE" Cara Memasukkan Koordinat WRITE #1, X , Y, Z

27 70 PRINT #1, "COPY" WRITE #1, X + ((DR - LB) / 2), Y, Z + 30: PRINT #1, "": PRINT #1, "M" WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30: WRITE #1, X, Y, Z (RANGKA * 1) WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + PR - 30 PRINT #1, "": GOTO PRINT #1, "COPY" WRITE #1, X + ((DR - LB) / 2), Y, Z + 30: PRINT #1, "": PRINT #1, "M" WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30: WRITE #1, X, Y, Z (RANGKA * 1) WRITE #1, X, Y, Z (RANGKA * 2): WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + PR - 30 PRINT #1, "": GOTO PRINT #1, "COPY" WRITE #1, X + ((DR - LB) / 2), Y, Z + 30: PRINT #1, "": PRINT #1, "M" WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30: WRITE #1, X, Y, Z (RANGKA * 1) WRITE #1, X, Y, Z (RANGKA * 2) WRITE #1, X, Y, Z (RANGKA * 3) WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + PR - 30 PRINT #1, "": GOTO PRINT #1, "COPY" WRITE #1, X + ((DR - LB) / 2), Y, Z + 30: PRINT #1, "": PRINT #1, "M" WRITE #1, X + ((DR - LB) / 2), Y, Z + 30: PRINT #1, "": PRINT #1, "M" WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30: WRITE #1, X, Y, Z (RANGKA * 1) WRITE #1, X, Y, Z (RANGKA * 2): WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + PR - 30 WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30: WRITE #1, X, Y, Z (RANGKA * 1) WRITE #1, X, Y, Z (RANGKA * 2) WRITE #1, X, Y, Z (RANGKA * 3) WRITE #1, X, Y, Z (RANGKA * 4) WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + PR - 30 PRINT #1, "": GOTO PRINT #1, "COPY" WRITE #1, X + ((DR - LB) / 2), Y, Z + 30: PRINT #1, "": PRINT #1, "M" Memasukkan Command - (copy) ke File #1 PRINT #1, "COPY" Memasukkan data koordinat lanjutan untuk Command Copy: WRITE #1, X + ((DR - LB) / 2), Y, Z + 30: PRINT #1, "": PRINT #1, "M" WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + 30: WRITE #1, X, Y, Z (RANGKA * 1) WRITE #1, X, Y, Z (RANGKA * 2): WRITE #1, X, Y, Z + PR

28 Masukkan nama file-nya (atau cari) namafile.scr Command: script (untuk menjalankan file script) 28

29 Buat Model dengan Perintah Baris Perhatikan urutan perintahnya 29

30 Perintah Baris dalam AutoCAD Garis lurus 30

31 Lingkaran 31

32 Lengkungan 32

33 Lengkungan 33

34 Latihan 1 Gambarlah hasil perintah baris pada AutoCAD berikut: OPEN "O", 1, "C:Contoh.SCR" X1=0:Y1=0:X2=100:Y2=50:YL=25:RAD=25 Print #1, Line Write #1, X1,Y1 Write #1,X2, Y2 Write #1,X2,Y2 Write #1,X1,Y2 Write #1, X1,Y1 Print #1, Print #1, Circle Write #1,X3, YL Print #1, RAD Close #1 END Isi script Line 0,0 100,0 100,50 0,50 0,0 Circle 50,25 25 EOF Contoh programnya 34

35 Latihan 2 Line 100,100 70,100 50,80 100,80 100,100 Circle 50,80 20 Circle 50,80 10 Circle 100,70 D 20 Circle 100,70 D 10 Line 30,60 110,60 EOF Gambarlah hasil perintah baris pada AutoCAD berikut: 35

36 Latihan 3 Gambarlah hasil perintah baris pada AutoCAD berikut: 36

37 Latihan 4 Susunlah urutan perintah penggambaran dalam AutoCAD untuk menggambar bentuk di bawah ini : R R 40 R 20 R 20 37

38 Latihan 5 Susunlah File Script untuk penggambaran bentuk di bawah ini : R R 40 R 20 R 20 38

39 Latihan 6 Susunlah Program dalam BASIC untuk membuat File Script untuk penggambaran bentuk di bawah ini (JP, RL dan RD sebagai INPUT): RL JP RL RD RD 39

40 Menggambar cylinder height of cylinder (X,Y,Z) center point for base of cylinder Y Z radius for base of cylinder X Z=0 40

41 Gambar hasilnya! Command: cylinder Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=4 Specify center point for base of cylinder or [Elliptical] <0,0,0>: 200,200,100 Specify radius for base of cylinder or [Diameter]: 125 Specify height of cylinder or [Center of other end]: 50 Command: 41

42 Command: cylinder Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=4 Specify center point for base of cylinder or [Elliptical] <0,0,0>: 200,200,100 Specify radius for base of cylinder or [Diameter]: 80 Specify height of cylinder or [Center of other end]: 150 Command: cylinder Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=4 Specify center point for base of cylinder or [Elliptical] <0,0,0>: 200,200,100 Specify radius for base of cylinder or [Diameter]: 40 Specify height of cylinder or [Center of other end]:

43 Command: cylinder Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=4 Specify center point for base of cylinder or [Elliptical] <0,0,0>: 200,200,100 Specify radius for base of cylinder or [Diameter]: 80 Specify height of cylinder or [Center of other end]: 150 Command: cylinder Current wire frame density: ISOLINES=4 Specify center point for base of cylinder or [Elliptical] <0,0,0>: 200,200,100 Specify radius for base of cylinder or [Diameter]: 40 Specify height of cylinder or [Center of other end]: 150 Command: subtract Select solids and regions to subtract from.. Select objects: 160,200,100 1 found Select objects: Select solids and regions to subtract.. Select objects: 120,200,100 1 found Select objects: Cylinder yang mengurangi Cylinder yang dikurangi 43

44 Contoh Program BASIC untuk Script Gambar Silinder CLS INPUT PANJANG SILINDER:, PS DS=0.1*PS R=0.5*DS OPEN O, 1, C:SILINDER.SCR PRINT #1, CYLINDER PRINT #1, WRITE #1, 100,100,100 PRINT #1, R PRINT #1, PS CLOSE #1 END PS R Center point for base of cylinder (100,100,100) 44