Psikologi Konseling Ketrampilan Dasar Konseling

Transkripsi

1 Modul ke: Psikologi Konseling Ketrampilan Dasar Konseling Fakultas Psikologi Agustini, M.Psi., Psikolog Program Studi Psikologi

2 Observation Skills Ketrampilan Observasi berfokus pada tiga area: 1. Perilaku Non Verbal 2. Perilaku Verbal 3. Konflik, diskrepansi, dan inkongruensi

3 Observation: Nonverbal Behavior o Ekspresi Wajah Alis dinaikkan, bibir dirapatkan, bibir menganga, dan sebagainya merefleksikan emosi klien. o Bahasa Tubuh Postur tubuh, posisi duduk, gerakan tangan, tarikan nafas, dan sebagainya. o Hindari stereotype

4 Observation: Verbal Behavior o Sellective Attention Clients tend to talk about what counselors are interested in and willing to hear. o Key Words Perhatikan kata-kata yang ditekankan atau diberi perhatian oleh klien.

5 Observation: Discrepancies & Conflict Konselor harus mewaspadai diskrepansi antara tindakan verbal dan norverbal klien selama wawancara. Inkongruensi bisa mengindikasikan bahwa klien merasa tidak nyaman untuk mendiskusikan masalah tertentu atau klien tidak sepenuhnya bersikap jujur.

6 Active Listening Skills: Encouraging Encouragers: A variety of verbal and nonverbal means that the counselor or therapist can use to prompt clients to continue talking. Including head nods, open gestures, and positive facial expressions that encourage the client to keep talking. Probing: exploring client s statement to discover more stories about what the client has said; to make client explain more about his/her statement.

7 Active Listening Skills: Encouraging Nonverbal Encouragement Berikan jarak detik untuk diam, jangan berbicara tanpa henti. Namun jangan terlalu lama, karena akan terlihat anda tidak tertarik atau tidak mendengarkan. Gunakanan body language dan kontak mata namun jangan berlebihan.

8 Active Listening Skills: Encouraging Verbal Encouragement Gunakan hmm.., oke.., lalu.. Ulangi kata terakhir yang baru saja diucapkan klien dengan nada yang berbeda. Uraikan perkataan yang diucapkan oleh klien sebelumnya.

9 Reflection of Content VS Reflection of Feelings (Paraphrasing) o Paraphrasing Focused on the content and clarifies what has been communicated. The paraphrase will indicate to the client that you have heard what has been said and encourage him/her to move further to the discussion. o Reflection of feelings Identify the key emotions of a client and feed them back to clarify affective experience. Often combined with paraphrasing and summarizing.

10 Active Listening Skills: Reflection of Content Used to be called as paraphrasing; feeds back to the client the essence of what has just been said by shortening and clarifying client comments. Paraphrasing is not parroting; it is using some of your own words plus the important main words of the client. The goal of paraphrasing is facilitating client exploration and clarification of issues.

11 Parroting Dalam parroting, konselor hanya mengulang perkataan klien. Ini hanya akan bermanfaat untuk memberikan garis besar cerita klien atau ketika meminta klien meneruskan penyataan yang belum selesai. Jangan terlalu sering melakukan parroting.

12 Active Listening Skills: Reflection of Feeling How to identify client s emotion? Through labeling client behavior with affective words such as sad, mad, glad and scared. Primary emotions: Sad: unhappy, depressed, tearful, etc. Mad: angry, annoyed, hostile, etc. Glad: happy, relaxed, comfortable, etc. Scared: frightened, anxious, worried, etc.

13 Distinguishing Between Thought & Feeling Klien kadang menggunakan kata saya rasa untuk mendeskripsikan pikirannya, padahal perasaan dan pikiran jelas berbeda. Perasaan umumnya diungkapkan hanya dengan satu kata. Misal: sedih, marah. Pikiran umumnya diungkapkan dengan untaian kata, bukan hanya satu kata.

14 Active Listening Skill: Summarizing Similar to paraphrases but are used to clarify and distill what the client has said over a longer time span. Summarizations may be used to begin or end an interview, to move to a new topic, or to clarify complex issues. Very useful for organize thinking about what is happening on the interview.

15 Active Listening Skills 4 Dimensions of accurate paraphrasing and summarizing: 1. A sentence stem: Sometimes using client s name. Names help personalize the session. 2. Key words: The client s exact own key words that they use to describe their situation. 3. The essence of what the client has said in briefer and more clear form. 4. A check out: Implicitly or explicitly, check with the client to see that what you have fed back to him or her is accurate.

16 Daftar Pustaka Gladding, Samuel T. (2014). Counseling: A Comprehensive Profession 7 th edition. California: Person International. Singgih D Gunarsa.(2007). Konseling dan Psikoterapi. Jakarta: Gunung Mulia.