gambaran yang luas terhadap bentangalam yang diamati, Sehingga perlu pengamatan dengan PJ.

Transkripsi

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2 Dalam mempelajari geomorfologi cara dan metode pengamatan perlu pula diperhatikan. Apabila pengamatan dilakukan dari pengamatan lapangan saja, maka informasi yang diperoleh hanya mencakup pengamatan yang sempit (hanya sebatas kemampuan mata memandang), sehingga tidak akan diperoleh gambaran yang luas terhadap bentangalam yang diamati, Sehingga perlu pengamatan dengan PJ.

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4 Menurut Sutanto (1986), interpretasi citra pada dasarnya terdiri dari dua kegiatan utama, yaitu: (1) penyadapan data dari citra, dan (2) penggunaan data tersebut untuk tujuan tertentu.

5 Analisis citra meliputi tiga kegiatan, yaitu: (1) deteksi dan identifikasi, (2) pengukuran, dan (3) pemecahan masalah. Ad 1. Penentuan atas rona atau warna, bentuk, ukuran, tekstur, bayangan, pola, tinggi, letak, dan asosiasi Ad 3. prosesdeduktif : penarikan kesimpulan didasarkan atas apa yang tidak diketahui atau didasarkan atas sesuatu yang kebenarannya telah diterima secara umum. Ex. : gambaran sungai dengan bentuk meander -> daerah datar

6 Stream morphology. sungaidenganbentukmeander -> daerah datar

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8 Geotective

9 Spontaneous recognition PoRS Dr. Norman Kerle

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11 Spontaneous recognition identification at first glance (pandangan sekilas). Logical inference converging evidences (clues come together) associative thinking (A therefore B) konvergensi bukti : Didalam menyimpulkan jenis obyek atau kondisi suatu daerah yang tergambar pada citra, digunakan lebih dari satu unsur yang masing-masing mengarah kesuatu kesimpulan, tidak ada yang bertentangan Aluvial -> Toeslope - dataran External information additional data by fieldwork PoRS Dr. Norman Kerle

12 Residuum Colluvium Co-alluvium Alluvium

13 Interpretation elements Spectral (grey) tone / Hue Spatial shape size (shadow) pattern texture location/site Other association PoRS Dr. Norman Kerle

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16 PoRS Dr. Norman Kerle

17 pattern texture B tone (Site/association) A PoRS Dr. Norman Kerle

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19 Interpretasi Geomorfologi / Bentuklahan 1. Relief 2. Struktur atau materialnya 3. Proses yang sedang berlangsung atau letaknya Interpretasi Geologi : 1. Ekspresi Topografi/morfologi 2. Pola Aliran dan Kerapatan aliran 3. Vegetasi dan Budaya Interpretasi Tanah : 1. Topografi 2. Bahan Induk 3. Iklim 4. Vegetasi

20 Kerangka Kerja Konsepsual Analisis (Estes et al, 1983).

21 Types of Remote Sensing useful in Geomorphologic Interpretation of: 1. Multi-Spectral Operate in optical spectrum from approximately.3 to 14 µm. Includes UV, visible, near-ir, mid-if, and thermal IR regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Typically collect less than ten bands. Spectral signatures have been developed of earth materials. Satellite imagery allows for global coverage. Less expensive imagery available from Landsat or ASTER ISRO: Geological and Geomorphologic Mapping Using Remote Sensing to Detect Active Dust Storms and Map Areas Vulnerable to Aeolian Erosion (USGS) Forecasting Changes in the Southwest Under Future Climatic Scenarios (USGS) Using Remote Sensing to Detect Active Dust Storms and Map Areas Vulnerable to Eolian Erosion (USGS)

22 2. Thermal Detectors sense emitted energy High atmospheric interactions restrict sensing to 3 to 5 µm, and 8 to 14 µm Time of day is important when analyzing emitted energy Spectral signatures have been developed for thermal remote sensing Water temperatures are more constant than most earth materials Michigan Technological University -Remote Sensing Perspective, Report for EOS Volcanology Team Forest Fire Imaging Experimental System (FIRES) 3. Hyperspectral 3. Hyperspectral Acquire images in narrow bands Extract information that is typically 'lost' in wider bands Spectral signatures have been developed for types of vegetation, minerals, rock types, and soils Identification of soil and rock type lead to information regarding their formation and future uses Environmental Case Study: Coeur D'Alene River Basin Project

23 Principle of imaging spectroscopy

24 4. Radar Active remote sensing system that sends energy out and senses energy returned Spans electromagnetic spectrum from approximately 1 mm to 1m Depending on the wavelength, microwave energy can be sensed at night, penetrate the atmosphere, clouds, and smoke Side-looking radar accentuates topographic features SIR-C/X-SAR: Space Radar Images of Earth Geomorphic Applications of Digital Elevation Models Derived from ERS-1 and SIR-C SAR Interferometry NASA/JPL Imaging Radar Program

25 Look Direction Example 2007 Intermap Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved. 25

26 Look Direction Example 2007 Intermap Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved. 26

27 IFSAR Concept B ANT #1 ANT #2 Interferometer Phase Difference Altitude Height GPS Ground Station 2007 Intermap Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved. 27

28 Decorrelation Example 2007 Intermap Technologies, Inc. All rights reserved. 28

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