What is Human Security Engineering?(GCOE KU University Website)

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1 Presented in ITB Kyoto University GCOE HSE Program, Nusa Dua Bali 8 October 2009 HYDROGEOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION ON VOLCANIC AREA MT. CIREMAI TO CONSERVE WATER RESOURCES (AND OTHER RESEARCH EXPERIENCES ON TROPICAL HYDROGEOLOGY) BY D. ERWIN IRAWAN FACULTY OF EARTH SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING APPLIED GEOLOGY RESEARCH DIVISION 1 What is Human Security Engineering?(GCOE KU University Website) A system of technologies (techniques) for designing and managing cities and groups of cities that enable inhabitants: to live better sanitation and health conditions in day-to-day urban living, and also to live free from occasional threats of large-scale disasters and environmental destruction. 2

2 Water Sanitation and health conditions Water Shortage Threats of large-scale disasters and environmental destruction Various Method used in Hydrogeological l Exploration Surface mapping Sub surface mapping Hydrogeochemistry Environmental isotope Hydrogeometeorology Tropical setting gives specific local originality to our researches 4

3 Challenges in Water Demand (Dir.of water resources, 1990) West Java 1.2 Bali 1 1. Groundwater Resources (B) (A) (C) 224 GROUNDWATER 4,7 BILLION m /year BASINS Mostly unmapped: Volcanics, karst, alluvium system 6

4 VOLCANIC SYSTEM MT. CIREMAI & MT. MERAPI Mt. Ciremai Mt. Merapi 7 doi: /j.jhydrol

5 Mt. Ciremai i(kuningan-cirebon) Nearly 200 springs Discharging g almost 00 L/sec Some of the spring locations Cigugur Citambak Palutungan Telaga Remis Cikalamayan Citambak Cikole Cikabuyutan Cijambu Cijambar Cileles Telaga Remis 10

6 Second Kompone Fa en actor II Elevasi lebih tinggi Mag agnesium (Mg) 60 Sulfate (SO SO4) + Chloride (Cl) 20 Downslope Sodium (Na) + Potassi sium (K) Calcium (Ca) + Magnesi sium (Mg) II Sistem I Mata air batuan ,2 hipertermal: gunung Salinitas pyroclastic tinggi, fall api oo oo kaya klorida, dan Morphology: Gradual angle from 5 to L/d 42with normal fault pyroclastic fall sirkulasi regional Mg SO Endapans: pyroclastic fall at 21 higher than 2000 masl, lava masl dan pyroklastic Cibulan 28 66flow at masl. The L/s Carbonate (CO O) + Bicarbonate (HCO) Sulfate (SO4 O4) Lava flow Mata 60 air meso 20 & Na+K HCO +CO Cl Calcium (Ca) Chloride (Cl) Hipotermal Piroklastik flow C A T I O N S %meq/l A N I O N S ownslope Volcanic deposits sit on tertiary sediments Ca 20 Dow ,2 Downslope ? Morphology: Gradual angle from 10 to 42with Sistem normal fault batuan Deposits: pyroclastic fall l at higher than 2000mdpl, lava 1250 sedimen mdpl dan piroklastik aliranat mdpl. The vulkanikendapans sit on tertiary sedimentary batuans Elevasi lebih rendah 48 o Temp A., DHL, Sequence Na of +, Lahar deposits II K +, Cl -, 5 o I SO 2-4 T o Sistem batuan Elevasi lebih rendah mapl B gunung api LITH G. Ciremai Salinitas rendah, Klw kaya bikarbonat, ph, Mg, o 54 Non Ion dom.ions seimbang LhB Kation seimbang-hco Non dom.cat-hco Ca, Ca-HCO sirkulasi lokal dan III 5922 Telaga Remis Lava 1500 Lv Ca-HCO 76 Ca-HCO HCO III IV IV menengah 10 o Ca-HCO Mg-HCO 10 o PxB Na-K-Cl o km DEI-CP,2009 WB Minitab for Windows Komponen First Factor I 11 month Sedimen Lahar Piroklastik TE Hydrogeochemistry to trace the age and groundwater genetic A1 Kab. Sleman Kab. Klaten B A2 Kab. Klaten Kab. Sleman Kab. Klaten North 12,7yo 50,86 yo Cijanggel Jambudipa 27,24 yo 50,42 yo A South Cibabat 14,9 to 15,11 yo 4,7 yo

7 Buried Valley Reconstruction South slope of Mt.Merapi Yogyakarta Karst System: Mid Java Kawasan Karang Bolong, Jawa Tengah.

8 Hydrogeophysics to trace underground fracture: Sukabumi A B Sumber: Deny Juanda P. dan Imam P., 2006 Hydrogeophysics to trace underground fracture: Bribin underground river A B Batugamping Fm. Wonosari Stalaktit K. Bribin Profil Gua Kali Bribin Teras sungai Pompa air Pengukur muka air sungai otomatis Hasil plot resistivitas Muka air sungai Rongga Hasil rekonstruksi rongga Kali Suci, kedalaman 54 m, diameter 8 m Sumber: Deny Juanda P. dan Joko Santoso, 1994 dan 2005

9 700 Hydrodynamics in Karst Aquifer System H (A1). Model Aliran pada Kanal Terbuka Teori Waktu H 100 K. Bribin (A2) Model Aliran karst Kali Bribin 50 Okt Des Feb Apr Jun Agt Nop Jan Mar Mei Jul Sep Bulan Zona I Aliran lambat (infiltrasi lambat) Akifer Fm. Wonosari Maksimum 0 meter Kali Bribin K. Bribin Zona II Aliran cepat (Hipotermik) (B) Zonasi tata aliran airtanah di akifer Fm. Wonosari Bagian IV / Daftar Isi HGL Kawasan Karst (14) Groundwater River interaction: Cikapundung TIPE CIKAPUNDUNG Tipe Cikapundung III ALIRAN INFLUEN Aliran (Sungai Influen Mengisi Akifer) Jenis batuan: Perselingan Pasir Lempung Formasi Kosambi TIPE CIKAPUNDUNG II Tipe Cikapundung II ALIRAN EFLUEN Aliran (Sungai Efluen Diisi Akifer) Jenis batuan: Breksi Gunungapi Formasi Cikapundung TIPE CIKAPUNDUNG I Tipe ALIRAN Cikapundung TERISOLASI I Aliran (Sungai Terisolasi dan Akifer Tidak Berhubungan) Jenis batuan: Lava Basalt Formasi Cibeureum Sungai Citarum Dayeuh Kolot 700 Lengkong Besar Banceuy Viaduct Cihampelas ITB Curug Dago 0 Bojong Soang Pusat Kota Bandung 0 Pakar KETERANGAN (A) Arah Sungai haliran Airtanah Cikapundung Kontur Topografi Sumber: Deny Juanda P. dan Fajar Lubis, m U Maribaya Influent stream Effluent stream Jl. Asia Afrika, Bandung Cihampelas, Bandung

10 Groundwater River interaction: Ciliwung Tipe Ciliwung III Tipe Aliran Ciliwung InfluenIII Aliran Influen Tipe Ciliwung II Tipe Aliran Ciliwung Campuran II Aliran Campuran Tipe Ciliwung I Aliran Tipe Ciliwung Efluen I Aliran Efluen Bogor Jakarta (B) Sungai Ciliwung Influent stream Depok Mixed Stream Sumber: Deny Juanda P. dan D. Erwin Irawan, 2006 Effluent stream Polutan? Mangga Besar, Jakarta Pd. Cina, Depok Tajur, Bogor WHAT NEXT? Geophysics for fracture tracer Groundwater Monitoring Tracer technology (hydrogeochemistry) 20

11 Presented in ITB Kyoto University GCOE HSE Program, Nusa Dua Bali 8 October 2009 THANK YOU HYDROGEOLOGICAL EXPLORATION : AS FORM OF HUMAN SECURITY ENGINEERING CASE STUDY: VOLCANIC, KARST, ALLUVIUM SYSTEM ERWIN@GC.ITB.AC.ID BLOG.FITB.ITB.AC.ID/D_ERWIN_IRAWAN IRAWAN 21 fitb itb ac id