5 P - GAME. 1. Bahwa setiap aktifitas industri selalu mengandung bahaya dan resiko keselamatan dan kesehatan

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1 OVERVIEW HSE FOCUSED ON INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE TATA SOEMITRA ERA INDUSTRIALISASI MANUSIA INTER-AKSI 5 P - GAME 1. PERTUMBUHAN PENDUDUK (POPULATION) 2. KENAIKAN PRODUKSI (PRODUCTION) 3. PERTAMBAHAN PENGGUNAAN ENERGI (POWER) 4. PERLUASAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN (PLACE) 5. BERTAMBAHNYA PENCEMARAN (POLLUTION) Latar belakang mengapa K-3 sangat dibutuhkan dalam kegiatan industri : 1. Bahwa setiap aktifitas industri selalu mengandung bahaya dan resiko keselamatan dan kesehatan 2. Bahwa bahaya dan risiko tersebut akan menimbulkan konsekuensi ILLUSTRATION MODEL TECHNOLOGY & SURVIVAL RUN ( BRAUN 1976 ) 3. Apabila K-3 tidak dikelola dengan baik, maka akan menimbulkan kerugian (Loss) WORRYING TRENDS Kemajuan dan kecanggihan teknologi ternyata membawa: Masalah baru. Risiko tinggi. Sering kejadian kecelakaan. Bencana Yang memberi efek negative jangka panjang terhadap: KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT. KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT. KUALITAS TANAH, AIR, UDARA. PRESSURE ON INDUSTRY TO IMPROVE OF MANAGING SAFETY, HEALTH, AND ENVIRONMENT THE QUALITY OF LIFE ADVANCING TECHNOLOGY SAFELY EVALUATION DEVELOP IDENTIFICATION DEVELOP POSSIBLE CONSEQUENCES DEVELOP MITIGATION SYSTEMS DEVELOP EMERGENCY ALARM SYSTEMS 1

2 PREVENTING INJURIES ACCIDENTAL DEATHS PRODUCTION DELAYS WASTE HUMAN MISERY IMPROVING MORALE DAMAGE CONTROL DISABILITY CONTROL COST CONTROL TOTAL PROCESS SAFETY Kita sering UNDER ESTIMATE terhadap bahaya, risiko, dan konsekuensinya, sehingga lingkungan kerja dan lingkungan hidup berada dalam posisi: THE LOWER PRIORITY Cepat atau lambat, akan memberikan pengaruh: ACCIDENT RATE. SEVERITY RATE. OCCURRENCE OF DANGEROUS, BERUPA:. INCIDENTS. DISASTERS Prior to the first consequence, opportunity for the supervisory system to control the risk Development of conditions supporting possible event mechanisms Opportunity for active control of the occurrence Initiation specific of event outcome mechanism Opportunity for damage control and rehabilitation Detected damage starts complete recovered or stabilized Pre Emergency Event Post Emergency WHY MORALE ASPECTS Value, Human Right FISCAL ASPECTS Cost, Economic LEGAL ASPECTS Compliance ASPEK LEGAL K-3 Basic Philosophy : HAK AZASI MANUSIA Occupational Health and Safety Health Engineering Control Administrative Control Behavior Control Illness/ Disease ** Basic Principle : Setiap tenaga kerja berhak mendapat perlindungan atas keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja Moral Legal Fiscal Safety HAZARD RISK OHS Integrated Management System Property Damage Incident/ Accident LOSS 2

3 INTERAKSI INDIVIDU, HAZARD DAN POSSIBLE OUTCOME Individual Incident Accident Out Come Hazard Individual - Illness, Injury, Disability, Death Workplace - Damage, Loss Environment - Damage, Loss, Degradation Pollution Manage and controlling Hazards. Manage and controlling Risk - Physical Environmental Risk - At Risk Behavior ILLNESS INJURY DAMAGE LOSS What is Health And Safety Culture Person Health And Safety Culture Behavior Environment PERSON Knowledge Skills Abilities Belief Attitude Perception of Risk Value, Etc ENVIRONMENT Equipment, Tools Machines Engineering Management System Standard Operating Procedures BEHAVIOR Actively Caring Complying Coaching Recognizing Communicating 3

4 TUJUAN AKHIR DARI K-3 : Yang berarti sehat : FISIK MENTAL SOSIAL SPIRITUAL Sehingga mendapatkan tingkat : yang tinggi. QUALITY OF WORKING LIFE : Tidak menderita cacat Tidak menderita sakit Tidak terjadi Premature Death Usia harapan hidup tinggi Memiliki kapasitas kerja yang tinggi Mampu menikmati masa pensiun sekurang-kurangnya 10 tahun setelah purna karya MENGAPA PERLU HIGIENE INDUSTRI Lingkungan kerja tidak akan pernah bebas dari bahaya terhadap kesehatan kerja Bahwa pekerja merupakan modal utama dalam suatu perusahaan Banyaknya kejadian penyakit maupun injuri akibat kerja Perusahaan akan mengalami kerugian yang tidak ternilai jumlahnya jika terjadi peningkatan kejadian penyakit akibat kerja dan meningkatnya ketidakhadiran pekerja karena sakit yang diakibatkan oleh bahaya yang timbul ditempat kerja. Mulai dikeluarkannya peraturan-peraturan yang mengharuskan perusahaan untuk menjaga dan meningkatkan kesehatan pekerjanya - Undang-undang - Peraturan (nasional dan internasional) - Standar-standar -Regulasi -ISO - dll Mengabaikan hak pekerja untuk tetap sehat berarti melanggar HAM Higene industri merupakan suatu metode yang efektif dalam mengelola lingkungan kerja dan pekerja dalam menekan tingkat kejadin injury dan penyakit akibat kerja INDUSTRIAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 3 (THREE) SKILLS INVOLVED : SAFETY ENGINEERING MAIN CONCERN : SAFETY ENGINEERING INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE SAFE CONSTRUCTION SAFE WORK PROCESSES SAFE PRACTICES. ENGINEERING CONTROL OF ENVIRONMENT 4

5 INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE MAIN CONCERN : EVALUATING OF PERSON S FITNESS FOR JOB. MONITORING AND MAINTANANCE OF GOOD HEALTH OF EMPLOYEE. MINIMIZE CONSEQUENCE OF WORK RELATED INJURY AND DISEASE. HELP MINIMIZE WORK RELATED OR PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS. ADVISE MANAGEMENT ON ALL HEALTH RELATED MATTER AT WORKPLACE AND FROM WORK PROCESS. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE MAIN CONCERN : RECOGNITION OF. EVALUATION OF. CONTROL OF : IN THE WORK ENVIRONMENT. POLLUTENTS FROM WORK PROCESSES. COMMUNICATION. Definisi : INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE GUARDIAN OF THE WORKPLACE ILMU dan SENI yang berperan dalam melaksanakan upaya pegenalan, pengukuran, pemantauan, evaluasi dan pengontrolan BAHAYA di Lingkungan Kerja, yang dapat muncul dari kegiatan operasi industri, yang mana bahaya tersebut dapat mengganggu : KESEHATAN KESELAMATAN KENYAMANAN EFESIENSI dikalangan pekerja dan atau masyarakat disekitar daerah kegiatan operasi tersebut. Loss Control PEOPLE INJURY AND ILLNESS FALL ON SAME LEVEL (Injury/Damage) STRUCK BY (Injury/Damage) ENVIRONMENT EQUIPMENT MATERIALS EXPOSURE (Illness) 5

6 ILO ESTIMATES (ILC-2003) : 6,000 workers die each day 2,190,000/year as a result of work related accidents and illnesses 590, deaths are caused by 270 million accidents at work per year. 1,600,000 deaths are caused by 160 million work-related diseases INDUSTRIAL HYGIENIST Seseorang yang memiliki latar belakang pendidikan formal seperti : ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY PHYSIC MEDICINE BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE RELATED DISCIPLINES Ditambah dengan pengalaman dan special training yang erat hubungannya dengan HSE. RUANG LINGKUP RECOGNITION: Mengenal bahaya lingkungan yang berhubungan dengan pekerjaan ( Work Operation) dan pemahaman dari efek atau akibatnya terhadap para pekerja maupun masyarakat disekitarnya. EVALUATION: Mengevaluasi faktor bahaya dilingkungan kerja dengan melakukan pengukuran dan pemantauan kuantitatif untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh bahaya tersebut, sehingga menimbulkan gangguan kesehatan dan kehidupan para pekerja. CONTROL TECHNOLOGY: Pemilihan cara /metode pengontrolan yang efektif efesien untuk mengurangi atau menghilangkan dampak bahayanya. PERANAN DAN FUNGSI Membantu pimpinan secara professional dalam upaya memlihara tenaga kerja yang sehat, serta upaya memelihara/meningkatkan lingkungan kerja yang bersih, nyaman dan aman. Melakukan inspeksi daerah operasi perusahaan dan lingkungan secara berkala untuk mengenal dan mengukur serta memonitor bahaya yang mungkin akan mengancam kesehatan dan keselamatan. Turut aktif mereview aspek HSE terhadap setiap rencana konstruksi, renovasi fasilitas produksi/ operasi agar tetap mematuhi / memenuhi aturan panduan Industrial Hygiene Engineering. Membuat, merencanakan, menerapkan dan melakukan evaluasi program kegiatan mengenai upaya mengurangi atau menghilangkan bahaya dilingkungan kerja, serta resiko dampaknya. Mengkomunikasikan faktor bahaya lingkungan kerja beserta resikonya kepada employees, contractors, atau kelompok beresiko tinggi, melalui : HAZARD COMMUNICATION PROGRAM (HAZCOM) Membantu pelaksanaan program pelatihan Health, Safety and Environment 6

7 PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITY A. IN GENERAL : 1. To protect the health of employee 2. To maintain an objective attitude toward : RECOGNITION OF HEALTH EVALUATION OF HEALTH CONTROL & CORRECTIVE MEASURES HEALTH AND WELFARE OF WORKERS 3. To counsel employees regarding the health hazards and necessary precaution to avoid adverse health effects. B. TO EMPLOYERS : 1. To : respect confidences advise honestly report findings recommend accurately 2. To act responsibly in the application of healthful working environments of IH principle toward the attainments. 3. To hold responsibilities to the employer or client to the ultimate responsibility to protect the health of employees MAN WORKPLACE MEDICINE HYGIENE SAFETY PREVENTION OF DESEASES PREVENTION OF INJURIES BASIC CONCEPT PREVENTION TREATMENT WORKER & THE VARIED INFLUENCES THAT SURROUND HIM/HER RELEVANT LEGISLATION OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENIST PHYSICAL MECHANICAL KINETICAL ELECTRICAL CHEMICAL HAZARD ENVIRONMENT MODES OF ACTION METABOLISME CLINICAL SIGNS HAZARD EFFECTS PERSONAL HEALTH SERVICE WORKER PHYSICIAN BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOSOCIAL ERGONOMICS 7

8 INTEGRATED STRATEGY FOR PREVENTING OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE AND INJURY ANTICIPATION SURVEILLANCE ANALYSIS CONTROL EXPOSURE PLANNING EXPOSURE MONITORING EXCESSIVE? YES CONTROL EPIDEMIOLOGY POSITIVE? YES TOXICOLOGY POSITIVE? YES OCCUPTIO NAL DISEASE? YES WORKERS COMPENSATION OUTCOME PREPLACEMENT EXAMS OUTCOME MONITORING HEALTH EFFECTS? TREAT AL HYGIENE PROCESS INDUSTRIA FUNCIONAL INPUT INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE PROCESS RECOGNITION EVALUATION CONTROL HEALTH HAZARD Manufacturing Legal MONITOR ENV INFORM EMP BELOW REGULATED LEVEL Manufacturing Purchasing R & D Medical MEDICAL EXAM ABOVE REGULATED LEVEL NEGATIVE Employee Relation EEO Comp. & Benefits ENGINEE RING CONTROL INTERIM PERSO NAL PROTECT ENGINEE RING CONTROL LABEL Engineering Manufacturing Environment Control Product safety Training IDENTIFICATION HAZARD EVALUATION MONITORING PROGRAMS MAINTENANCE PROGRAMS HOUSEKEEPING STANDARD ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION EVALUATION OF PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS HAZARD CONTROL PROGRAM COMPANY POLICY PROGRAM OBJECTIVE AUTHORITY/RESPONSI LITY ASSIGMENT ADEQUATE PHYSICAL & ECONOMIC RESOURCES SAFETY COMMIITTEES EMPLOYEE ORIENTATION, INVOLVE MENT TRAINING AND EDUCATION SUPERVISION PROGRAM ENFORCEMENT THE FOUR BASIC METHODS OF COTROLLING OCCUPATIONAL DECREASING ORDER OF EFFECTIVENESS INDIVIDUAL INDIVIDUAL INDIVIDUAL INDIVIDUAL Elimination of The Hazards Removal of individual From exposure Isolation of the hazards Protection of individual CONTROL TECHNOLOGY Principles : Practices : 1. At the source of the hazards 2. In the workplace environment 3. At the point exposure of the individual Monitoring of process Control of exposure levels Training and education Effective management Professional competence The control consist of : Other factor : Engineering design Monitoring & Evaluation Work practices PPE Toxicity short/long term Route of exposure Time of exposure Physical state of pure component and mixture Biological indices 8

9 The major area relating to protection of : People Property Environment 1. Anticipate, Identify, Evaluate of Hazardous Condition and Practices 2. Develop Hazard Control - Design - Method - Procedure - Program 3. Implement, Administer, Advise Other on hazard control program 4. Measure, Audit, Evaluate The effectiveness of hazard control program 5. Protecting : - Work force - General Public - Environment 6. Study - Material - Structure Resources to Control - Code Hazard of : - Operation - Tools -Equipment - Machinery -Others 7. Define interaction between people and : Physical factors Chemicals factors Biological factors Ergonomics factors Psychological factors PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT THE PPE PROCESS : IDENTIFY THE HAZARD WITH DETAILED EXAMINATION MACTH THE PPE TO THE HAZARD/SPECIFIC HAZARD. GAIN EMPLOYEE ACEPTANCE FOR PPE. COMFORT. APPEARANCE. SELECTION. MUST MEET PERFORMANCE STANDARDS REASONS FOR UPGRADING PPE : ADDITIONAL OR MORE SEVERE. CHANGE IN WORK-INCREASED EXPOSURE. EMPLOYEE REQUEST. REASONS FOR DOWN GRADING PPE : LESS SEVERE. CHANGE IN WORK-LESS EXPOSURE. ONE PROGRAM FOR ALL REASONS Safety and health program effective by doing the following : Being committed to making the program work Holding employees accountable for following safe work practices. Keeping employees involved in the program Identifying and controlling all workplace hazards Investigating all near miss accidents and incidents Educating and training employees about safe work practices Reviewing the regularly to ensure that is stays effective Efforts: To assure for every working man and woman in the nation safe and healthful working conditions. Enlarging scope and importance of occupational diseases. Continuing development of epidemiology, clinical, and toxicological information relating to their causation and diagnosis. Physician must be able to recognize work-related diseases and injuries, so as to take appropriate action and to assure that patient care is coordinated with management of the environment. 9

10 THROUGH: 1. Realistic Long-term Objectives. 2. Multidisciplinary Preventive Elements. 3. Surveillance of work environment and health of workers. 4. Appropriate, relevant, protection, maintenance, and health promotion element. OHS INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT SYSTEM INTEGRATED INTO ASPECT OF BUSINESS OPERATIONS INTEGRATED TO ORGANIZATIONAL OBJECTIVES INTEGRATED TO QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS INTEGRATED TO DESIGN, EQUIPMENT AND PRODUCTIVE PROCESS INTEGRATED TO EMPLOYEE BEHAVIOR OR TO CORPORATE CULTURE Accountabillity Education and Training YOUR WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAM Management Commitment Evaluation Hazard Control Required Programs Accident Investigation Hazard Identification Employee Involvement MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT Develop a written policy hazardous chemical containers train employees about chemical hazards and inform contractor about hazardous chemicals used the workplane ACCOUNTABILLITY Determine who should be responsible for identifying hazardous chemicals, maintaining MSDS, and ensuring chemical containers are porperly labeled ACCIDENT AND INVESTIGATION Investigate accidents or near miss incident involving exposure to hazardous chemicals. Determine what caused and accident and how to prevent it EVALUATION Periodically review accident report and training record Hazardous Materials and Its Hazard Communication HAZARD CONTROL Identify and list hazardous chemicals in the workplane. Periodically update the list or keep it HAZARD CONTROL * Develop a method of informing employees * Properly label, tag or mark hazardous chemicals * Maintain a material safety data sheet each hazardous chemical use in the workplace EDUCATION AND TRAINING Inform and train employees EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT Get employee involvement in helping you identify hazards Mechanical, Kinetic, Electric Physical Biological Chemical Ergonomics Psychosocial The problem and prospective in the field of Occupational Safety and Health: The dangers. Acute effects. Chronic effects. Latent and Subtle effect. from the flood of products and raw materials, thousands of new chemicals, physicals and biological combination into the environment. The primary function of the institutions is to access the extent of and mean for: 1. Preventing diseases and injuries. 2. Minimize, reduce health hazards in the workplace. 3. Disseminate the information. 10

11 The new measures will promote the development of : 1. A preventative safety and health culture through the elevation of occupational safety and health programs. 2. The promotion of safer and healthier working environments through preventive measures. GOAL g HSE r getting HSE right NO ACCIDENT NO HARM TO PEOPLE NO PROPERTY DAMAGE NO ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE ENVIRONMENTAL POEM IF YOU LOVE YOUR CHILDREN IF YOU WISH THEM TO BE HAPPY LOVE YOUR EARTH WITH TENDER CARE AND PASS IT ONTO THEM DIVERSE AND BEAUTIFUL SO THAT THEY 10,000 YEARS HENCE MAY LIVE IN A UNIVERSE STILL DIVERSE AND BEAUTIFUL AND FIND JOY AND WONDER IN BEING ALIVE 11