OCEAN ACIDIFICATION RESEARCH AND MONITORING

Transkripsi

1 OCEAN ACIDIFICATION RESEARCH AND MONITORING Dr. Anna Kuswardani R&D Center for Marine and Coastal Resources Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries

2 CLIMATE CHANGE ISSUES ON MARINE AND FISHERIES SECTOR IN INDONESIA INCREASE OF CO2 SEA LEVEL RISE SST INCREASE 1.MARINE AND COASTAL ECOSYSTEM DEGRADATION 2. SINKING ISLANDS 3. OCEAN ACIDIFICATION 4. CHANGING ON CARBON CYCLE 5. CORAL BLEACHING COMMUNITY LIVELIHOOD 1. LOSS OF HOME FOR 42 MILLIONS OF COASTAL COMMUNITIES IN LOSS OF INCOME RESOURCES 3. UNCERTAINTY IN FISHING ACTIVITIES DUE TO SEASONAL CHANGES 4. EMERGING DISEASES FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE 1. CHANGES OF FISH MIGRATION PATTERN 2.INCREASE NUMBERS OF STRANDED FISH 3. INCREASE OF FISH DISEASES

3 Coral Bleaching (CB) & HAB In Indonesia Severe CB in Indonesia occurred in 1982/1983, 1997/1998, 2010, 2016 HAB i.e. in Jakarta Bay & Bali = very frequent CB per April

4 CO2 SINK/SOURCE 1. In general, Indonesia playing a role as carbon source 3.7 ± 2.2 mol m -2 / year, particularly in North West Monsoon (November Februari) 2. The sink area of CO2 : Makassar strait, Banda sea and Madura strait 3. Java Sea is a major contribution of CO2 to the atmosphere

5 Ocean and Climate Impacts on Coral Bleaching Sea Surface Temperature Sea Level Rise Rain Fall Pattern changes Sea Current Pattern changes Ocean Acidification Warmer Sediment rate Saliniity decrease Fresh water intake Changes on ocean circulation and temperature ph decrease Coral Bleaching Coral Disease Turbidity decrease of light absorption Lack of nutrient and larva distribution Disturb coral growth

6 Ocean acidification is a serious threat to Indonesia s fisheries. Many reefs and fish species are dying across the Indian Ocean due to rising sea temperature but the ocean acidification effect still not identified. Research on ocean acidification in Indonesia are less and difficult.

7 InaCoBHAS Indonesia Coral Bleaching and Harmful Algal Bloom Alert System OA monitoring NOAA Bleaching Alert validation for Indonesian reefs Other local parameters : light, run-off, pollution status, geographical shapes, disturbance level (e.g. marine tourism) Indonesia Coral reef monitoring networks Reef Lifeform map INA-GOOS (Global Ocean Observing System) 1. Coastal buoy array 2. vessel-based monitoring InaCOBHAS Coupled atmosphere- Land-ocean model to estimate seasonal SST by Bureau of Meteorology

8 Presidentil Decree - Annex (SDGs Indonesia - Goal 14) Goal 14 : Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development GOAL/TARGET GLOBAL TARGET NASIONAL (RPJMN ) K/L PENANGGU NG JAWAB 14. Melakukan Konservasi dan Pemanfaatan Sumber Daya Laut, Samudera dan Maritim untuk Pembangunan Berkelanjutan 14.1 Mencegah dan mengurangi semua jenis pencemaran laut Menurunnya beban pencemaran dan tingkat kerusakan kawasan pesisir dan laut hingga tahun 2019 KLHK dan KKP 14.2 Mengelola dan melindungi ekosistem laut dan pesisir secara berkelanjutan 14.3 Meminimalisasi dan mengatasi dampak pengasaman laut 14.4 Mengatur pemanenan dan menghentikanpenangkapan ikan berlebihan, ilegal dan merusak, serta memulihkan stok ikan secara layak biologisnya 14.5 Melakukan konservasi setidaknya 10 persen dari wilayah pesisir dan laut 14.6 Menghilangkan subsidi yang berkontribusi terhadap penangkapan ikan ilegal, tidak dilaporkan dan tidak diatur Terkelolanya sumber daya ikan pada Zona Ekonomi Ekslusif di 7 Wilayah Pengelolaan Perikanan (WPP) pada tahun 2019 (2015: 2 WPP) Menurunnya beban pencemaran dan tingkat kerusakan wilayah pesisir dan laut di 3 kawasan pada tahun 2019 (2015: 1 kawasan) Meningkatnya produksi perikanan tangkap menjadi ton pada tahun 2019 (2015: ton) Bertambahnya luasankawasan konservasi perairan seluas 20 juta ha sampai dengan tahun 2019 (2015: 17,3 juta Ha) Terkendalinya IUU fishing dan kegiatan di laut yang merusak ditandai dengan kepatuhan sebanyak 87% pelaku usaha KKP KLHK KKP KKP KKP

9 National Budget 2017 Ocean Acidification Research Identify potential area of Ocean Acidification in Indonesia using Biogeochemical Model Collecting ph and CO2 sample from potential area (West Sumatra and Bali) Collecting ph and CO2 sample from potential area Modeling the carbon cycle in the Indonesia sea to define potential location of ocean acidification Identify impact of ocean acidification on carbon on coastal ecosystem and marine biota. Collecting ph and CO2 sample from potential area Modeling the carbon cycle in the Indonesia sea to define potential location of ocean acidification Identify impact of ocean acidification on carbon on coastal ecosystem and marine biota. Develop policies related to ocean acidification to be incorporated into national document on climate change

10 Proposed ph and CO2 Sensor on mooring buoy 5 RAMA buoy in Indian Ocean 1 ITF buoy in Makassar strait Need further discussion

11 THANK YOU