ABSTRACT. Keywords: Budget Production, Production Costs, and Effectiveness of Production. vii. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

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1 ABSTRACT PT. Timbul Jaya is a rice milling company that produces rice, which in the production process required costs endured by the company. Production budgets are made to control these costs, which originated from the budget-making sales to BBB budget, BTKL budget, and BOP budget. By comparing the budget with the realization, management can know when a deviation occurs and whether the deviation is harmful or beneficial to the company. The company set a tolerance limit of 5% deviation. Making the production budget is useful for management as a tool in supporting the cost effectiveness of production. Production costs can be said to be effective, if there is a favorable difference of the cost of the actual standard. In 2009 raw materials cannot be said to be effective, because there are differences that are unfavorable, due to price differences that are controlled by the market price. Difference BTKL unfavorable because of the large total production depending on market demand. Favorable differentiation of BOP in 2008 and 2009 reflected that the BOP has been effective and can be controlled by the company. Overall, the company experienced a favorable difference in production costs so it can be said effectively, but the company needs to pay more attention to the price of raw materials and direct labor costs that have not been restrained because of unprofitable differentiation. Keywords: Budget Production, Production Costs, and Effectiveness of Production. vii

2 ABSTRAK PT. Timbul Jaya merupakan perusahaan penggilingan padi yang memproduksi beras, dimana di dalam proses produksinya diperlukan biaya-biaya yang harus dikeluarkan oleh perusahaan. Anggaran produksi dibuat untuk mengendalikan biaya-biaya tersebut, yang berawal dari pembuatan anggaran penjualan sampai dengan anggaran BBB, anggaran BTKL, dan anggaran BOP. Dengan membandingkan anggaran dengan realisasinya, manajemen dapat mengetahui apabila terjadi penyimpangan dan apakah penyimpangan tersebut dapat merugikan atau menguntungkan perusahaan. Perusahaan menetapkan batas toleransi penyimpangan sebesar 5%. Pembuatan anggaran produksi bermanfaat bagi manajemen sebagai alat bantu di dalam menunjang efektifitas biaya produksi. Biaya produksi dapat dikatakan efektif, jika terdapat selisih yang menguntungkan (favorable) antara biaya standar dengan sesungguhnya. Pada tahun 2009 bahan baku tidak dapat dikatakan efektif, karena terdapat selisih yang tidak menguntungkan (unfavorable), dikarenakan selisih harga yang sifatnya dikendalikan oleh harga pasar. Selisih BTKL yang tidak menguntungkan (unfavorable) dikarenakan besarnya total produksi tergantung pada besarnya permintaan pasar. Selisih BOP yang menguntungkan (favourable) pada tahun 2008 dan 2009 ini menunjukkan bahwa BOP telah efektif dan dapat dikendalikan oleh perusahaan. Secara keseluruhan perusahaan mengalami selisih biaya produksi yang menguntungkan sehingga dapat dikatakan efektif, namun perusahaan perlu memperhatikan pada harga bahan baku dan biaya tenaga kerja langsung yang belum terkendali karena mengalami selisih yang tidak menguntungkan. Kata kunci : Anggaran Produksi, Biaya Produksi, dan Efektifitas Produksi. viii

3 DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL i HALAMAN PENGESAHAN. ii SURAT PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN SKRIPSI... iii KATA PENGANTAR.. iv ABSTRACT.. vii ABSTRAK.... viii DAFTAR ISI..... ix DAFTAR GAMBAR.... xiii DAFTAR TABEL. xiv DAFTAR GRAFIK.. xv DAFTAR LAMPIRAN xvii BAB I PENDAHULUAN Latar Belakang Penelitian Identifikasi Masalah Maksud dan Tujuan Penelitian Kegunaan Penelitian 4 BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA.DAN KERANGKA PEMIKIRAN Kajian Pustaka Anggaran dan Penyusunan Anggaran Pengertian Anggaran dan Penyusunan Anggaran Karakteristik Anggaran Manfaat Anggaran Tujuan Anggaran ix

4 D A F T A R I S I x Jenis-jenis Anggaran Keterbatasan Anggaran Tahap-tahap Penyusunan Anggaran Prosedur Penyusunan Anggaran Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Penyusunan Anggaran Anggaran Produksi Pengertian Anggaran Produksi Tujuan Anggaran Produksi Penyusunan Anggaran Produksi Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Anggaran Produksi Hubungan Manajemen dengan Anggaran Efektifitas Produksi Pengertian Efektifitas Peranan Anggaran Produksi Sebagai Alat Bantu Manajemen Dalam Menunjang Efektifitas Biaya Produksi Kerangka Pemikiran.. 32 BAB III METODE PENELITIAN Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian Metode Penelitian Operasional Variabel Teknik Pengumpulan Data... 36

5 D A F T A R I S I xi BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN Hasil Penelitian Prosedur Penyusunan Anggaran Periodisasi Penyusunan Anggaran Proses Produksi Peranan Anggaran Produksi Dalam Menunjang Efektifitas Biaya Produksi Analisis Selisih Anggaran Penjualan Terhadap Realisasi Penjualan Analisis Tahun Analisis Tahun Analisis Selisih Anggaran Produksi Terhadap Realisasi Produksi Analisis Tahun Analisis Tahun Analisis Selisih Anggaran Biaya Bahan Baku Terhadap Realisasi Biaya Bahan Baku Analisis Tahun Analisis Tahun Analisis Selisih Anggaran Pembelian Terhadap Realisasi Pembelian Analisis Tahun Analisis Tahun

6 D A F T A R I S I xii Analisis Selisih Anggaran Terhadap Realisasi Biaya Tenaga Kerja Langsung Analisis Tahun Analisis Tahun Analisis Selisih Anggaran BOP Terhadap Realisasi BOP Analisis Tahun Analisis Tahun Pembahasan Penyusunan Anggaran Produksi Efektifitas Produksi Analisis Kelemahan Perusahaan BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN Simpulan Saran DAFTAR PUSTAKA LAMPIRAN DAFTAR RIWAYAT HIDUP PENULIS

7 DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 1 Kerangka Pemikiran...34 xiii

8 DAFTAR TABEL Tabel I Anggaran Produksi 22 Tabel II Anggaran dan Realisasi Penjualan Tahun Tabel III Anggaran dan Realisasi Penjualan Tahun Tabel IV Anggaran dan Realisasi Produksi Tahun Tabel V Anggaran dan Realisasi Produksi Tahun Tabel VI Anggaran dan Realisasi Biaya Bahan Baku Tabel VII Anggaran dan Realisasi Biaya Bahan Baku Tabel VIII Anggaran dan Realisasi Pembelian Bahan Baku Tabel IX Anggaran dan Realisasi Pembelian Bahan Baku Tabel X Anggaran dan Realisasi Biaya Tenaga Langsung Tahun Tabel XI Anggaran dan Realisasi Biaya Tenaga Langsung Tahun Tabel XII Anggaran dan Realisasi Biaya Overhead Pabrik Tahun Tabel XIII Anggaran dan Realisasi Biaya Overhead Pabrik Tahun xiv

9 DAFTAR GRAFIK Grafik I Penjualan Tahun Grafik II Penjualan Tahun Grafik III Produksi Tahun Grafik IV Produksi Tahun Grafik V Biaya Bahan Baku Tahun Grafik VI Biaya Bahan Baku Tahun Grafik VII Pembelian Bahan Baku Tahun Grafik VIII Pembelian Bahan Baku Tahun Grafik IX Biaya Tenaga Kerja Langsung Tahun Grafik X Biaya Tenaga Kerja Langsung Tahun Grafik XI Biaya Overhead Pabrik Tahun xv

10 Grafik XII Biaya Overhead Pabrik Tahun xvi

11 DAFTAR LAMPIRAN Lampiran A Struktur Organisasi xvii

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